Prevalence of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in a Brazilian Population

Abstract

This is the first large population-based study on DR in Brazil. High rates of visual impairment were found in persons with type 2 diabetes, but cataract is still one of the main causes of blindness. Large surveys are necessary for public health policy advocacy in developing countries.

Prevalence and risk factors for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy: results from the Nigeria national blindness and visual impairment survey

“…In our study, similar to reports from Los Angeles Latinos [ 31 ], Mexico [ 33 ] and Brazil [ 46 ] persons with diabetes had two-fold greater odds of being blind or visually impaired than persons without diabetes, with the commonest causes being cataract and uncorrected refractive error. In those studies, DR was also a major cause of blindness in people with diabetes [ 32 , 33 , 37 ].…”

“…However, reported rates were generally lower in studies undertaken in middle income countries , being similar to our study: i.e. 19% in Andra Pradesh, India [ 34 ], 18% in Chennai, India [ 36 ], 15% in Guangzhou, China [ 45 ] and 7.6% in Sao Paulo State, Brazil [ 46 ]. Reasons for the lower proportion of DR among persons with diabetes in Nigeria compared with high income settings are likely to reflect a combination of factors.…”

Atitudes e comportamentos dos diabéticos acerca das estratégias de prevenção e controle clínico do diabetes

“…As incidência e prevalência de eventos macrovasculares, como a doença arterial coronária, doença arterial periférica e acidentes cerebrovasculares, chegam a dobrar em se tratando de pacientes diabéticos comparado aos não diabéticos 8 . Já a retinopatia diabética apresenta prevalência entre 7 a 39% de casos em pacientes diabéticos e corresponde a uma das principais causas evitáveis de cegueira 9 , enquanto que a nefropatia diabética é uma das principais causas de base para a doença renal crônica no Brasil 10 . Além disso, merece destaque a neuropatia diabética pelo seu potencial incapacitante, pois dados demonstraram que mais de 50% dos pacientes submetidos à amputação de membros possuíam algum grau de neuropatia associada ao diabetes 11 .…”

Nurse competences in the family health strategy

“…It is hoped that, in addition to glycemic control, there is the development of selfcare, which contributes directly to the improvement of the quality of life and the reduction of morbidity and mortality. [6][7][8] In this sense, the importance of educational support groups for the promotion of self-knowledge, reflection on the disease and the exchange of experiences among them are highlighted. Diabetes education should be focused on building knowledge that favors the self-care and autonomy of these patients so that they can lead a healthier life.…”