Prevalence of oromucosal lesions in HIV positive patients receiving haart-A prospective clinical study

Abstract

Aim: To determine the preponderance of oral mucosal lesions and conditions in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Material and Methods: Patient tested Seropositive for HIV and on HAART therapy were clinically examined to evaluate prevalence of oral lesions. Results: In the pool of 152 HIV positive patients in the study, age ranged from 7 to 71 years, 67 were males and 85 females. The duration of the HAART medication was 43 months. Oral lesion was present in 51.32% of patients related to infection. Oral lesions seen in descending order of frequency were periodontitis, mucosal hyperpigmentation, acute gingivitis, oral candidiasis, linear gingival erythema, stomatitis, and nonspecific ulcers. Totally, 48.68% of patients had no oral lesions. Conclusion: Majority of the HIV patients on HAART exhibited periodontitis (30.77%), mucosal hyperpigmentation (17.44%), gingivitis (10.77%), anemic stomatitis (11.28%), and other oral lesions accounted to 29.74% which may be attributed to Anti Retro Viral Therapy.

Associated oral manifestations with HIV southeastern Brazilian patients on antiretroviral therapy

“…Oral lesions are the first indicators of HIV infection and progression to AIDS. Although studies suggested that the introduction of new antiretroviral therapies contributes to the decrease of oral lesions 7 , 11 , 14 , 16 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , the data of this study verified that the associated oral manifestations with HIV patients remain present even in the HAART era. However, it must be observed that ART therapy (mono, dual, and HAART) contributed to a decrease of oral lesions, independently of therapy.…”

“…Periodontal disease with or without mobility were the predominant oral lesions in the patients of this study. Even in patients with HAART therapy, periodontal disease was also observed, which is a high value compared to other similar studies 7 , 12 , 21 , 27 , 28 . The results also indicate a relation between age, smoking, and duration of treatment with periodontal disease with mobility.…”

“…Oral lesions are one of the most important indicators of HIV infection 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . The presence of oral lesions in HIV+ patients is correlated with high viral load and low CD4+ cell counts 8 , 9 .…”

“…The presence of oral lesions in HIV+ patients is correlated with high viral load and low CD4+ cell counts 8 , 9 . Some studies have reported differences in the prevalence of oral manifestations associated with HIV infection 5 , 7 , 10 , 11 . The prevalence of oral lesions could be influenced by the development of the country, demographic locality, healthcare system, medicine availability, HIV strains, stage of HIV, deleterious habits, and gender 3 , 12 , 13 .…”

“…The advent of Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) for the treatment of HIV-infected patients contributed to the reduction of oral lesions and HIV-associated opportunistic infections improving the oral health quality of life 15 , 16 . Nowadays, the most common combination therapy is known as Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART), which is a cocktail therapy combining three or more antiretroviral drugs that act on different targets and it is a standard HIV/AIDS treatment method 7 .…”