Prevention and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection

Samies, Nicole L.; James, Scott H.

doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104721

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Genital herpes is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections, most often caused by the herpes simplex virus type 2 (up to 85%) [9,11,22]. Fetal infection occurs mainly after the neonate contacts with the virus when passing through the birth canal [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Congenital Infection Caused By Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Screening in pregnancy aimed to define antibodies to herpes simplex virus in the blood is not recommended, regardless of the history of HSV infection symptoms [25][26][27][28]30]. Assessment of pregnant women is recommended in case of the primary HSV-2 infection acquired during the first two trimesters of pregnancy.…”

Section: Antenatal Diagnosis Of Congenital Infection Caused By Hsv Type 1 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antenatal and early postnatal etiological verification of relevant congenital viral infectious diseases

Vasilyev¹,

Grineva²,

Рогозина³

et al. 2021

MES

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Nonspecificity of clinical, laboratory and instrumental manifestations of congenital infectious diseases, including viral infections, and the diversity of methods for etiological verification of pathogens define both the need to choose the optimal approaches to the diagnosis of this pathology, and the feasibility of testing for a broad range of etiologic agents in case of suspected congenital viral infection. The analysis of current guidelines, international consensus documents issued by specialists, and published results of some studies has shown that identification of the genetic material of the pathogen with the use of amniocentesis/ cordocentesis (for cytomegalovirus and parvovirus infections) or in the birth canal (for herpes simplex infection) is the key method for antenatal etiological verification of the widespread viral infections. During the postnatal period, molecular genetic testing is combined with serological diagnosis involving determining specific immunoglobulins M and G, as well as their avidity index.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Congenital Infection Caused By Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Antenatal Diagnosis Of Congenital Infection Caused By Hsv Type 1 Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antenatal and early postnatal etiological verification of relevant congenital viral infectious diseases

Vasilyev¹,

Grineva²,

Рогозина³

et al. 2021

MES

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“…This virus is also responsible for severe neonatal and neurological infections. HSV-1 used to be mainly responsible for oral, ocular, and neurological infections, while HSV-2 caused genital and neonatal infections, but because of changes in oral sex practices over recent years, HSV-1 is now also involved in genital infections [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Classically, skin and mucosal infections are localised, but disseminated and potentially life-threatening infections can occur as eczema herpeticum or neonatal infections when the skin barrier or patient immune system are compromised [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterisation of Antiviral Activity of Cathelicidins from Naked Mole Rat and Python bivittatus on Human Herpes Simplex Virus 1

et al. 2021

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Hg-CATH and Pb-CATH4 are cathelicidins from Heterocephalus glaber and Python bivittatus that have been previously identified as potent antibacterial peptides. However, their antiviral properties were not previously investigated. In this study, their activity against the herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 was evaluated during primary human keratinocyte infection. Both of them significantly reduced HSV-1 DNA replication and production of infectious viral particles in keratinocytes at noncytotoxic concentrations, with the stronger activity of Pb-CATH4. These peptides did not show direct virucidal activity and did not exhibit significant immunomodulatory properties, except for Pb-CATH4, which exerted a moderate proinflammatory action. All in all, our results suggest that Hg-CATH and Pb-CATH4 could be potent candidates for the development of new therapies against HSV-1.

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“…While considerably rarer (1 in 300,000 live births in the United States) [6], vertical transmission of HSV-2 in utero (5% of neonatal herpes cases) results in a more severe form of congenital HSV-2 infection [11,12,14,21], which is associated with hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, and microcephaly [9], and poses a high risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Pregnancies in women with recurrent HSV-2 infection carry a low risk of neonatal or congenital herpes infection due to the presence of protective maternal IgG antibodies and the availability of antiviral therapies [9,13,22]. However, a recent study suggests that even in asymptomatic women, HSV-2 is detectable in fetal placental tissues at term [23], and antiviral treatment does not completely prevent perinatal or in utero transmission to the neonate [6,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary HSV-2 Infection in Early Pregnancy Results in Transplacental Viral Transmission and Dose-Dependent Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Novel Mouse Model

Felker

Nguyen

Kaushic

2021

Viruses

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Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infection affects 24 million births annually and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including neonatal herpes; however, the mechanisms underlying in utero transmission of HSV-2 are largely unknown. We examined the effects of primary HSV-2 infection during early pregnancy on gestational outcomes in a novel, clinically relevant mouse model. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were infected intravaginally with 102–105 pfu/mL HSV-2 on gestation day (gd) 4.5. Controls were infected, nonpregnant, diestrus-staged mice and pregnant, uninfected mice. Compared to nonpregnant mice, pregnant mice were 100-fold more susceptible to HSV-2 infection. Three days post-inoculation (gd7.5), viral DNA was present in implantation sites, but pregnancy outcomes were largely unaffected by infection. Eight days post-inoculation (gd12.5), HSV-2 DNA persisted in placental tissues, resulting in inflammation and hemorrhage. Fetal and placental weights were reduced and fetal loss was observed with high viral doses. HSV-2 DNA and increased expression of pro-inflammatory mediators were detected in fetal tissues at gd12.5, signifying viral transmission and fetal infection, even with low viral doses. This mouse model shows a dose-dependent effect of primary HSV-2 infection on pregnancy outcomes and suggests that fetal loss may occur due to placental inflammation, thus providing valuable insight into in utero transmission of HSV-2.

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Prevention and treatment of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection

Cited by 30 publications

References 29 publications

Antenatal and early postnatal etiological verification of relevant congenital viral infectious diseases

Antenatal and early postnatal etiological verification of relevant congenital viral infectious diseases

Characterisation of Antiviral Activity of Cathelicidins from Naked Mole Rat and Python bivittatus on Human Herpes Simplex Virus 1

Primary HSV-2 Infection in Early Pregnancy Results in Transplacental Viral Transmission and Dose-Dependent Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in a Novel Mouse Model

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