Principles of Digital Radiography with Large-Area, Electronically Readable Detectors: A Review of the Basics

Chotas, H.; Dobbins, James T.; Ravin, Carl E.

doi:10.1148/radiology.210.3.r99mr15595

Cited by 159 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The NPS was divided by the square of the mean value of the pixels used for analysis. This ratio is referred to as the normalized noise power spectrum and has units of mm 2 .…”

Section: Noise Power Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Because of the small dynamic range, film-screen radiography images appear underexposed at low dose and overexposed at higher dose. 2 With digital radiography under-or overexposure is not likely to occur because of its wide dynamic range and window functions (window width and window level). The dose level at which optimal image quality is achieved under the condition of "as low as reasonably achievable" should be scientifically established.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Technique for Simulating the Effect of Dose Reduction on Image Quality in Digital Chest Radiography

et al. 2008

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide a pragmatic tool for studying the relationship between dose and image quality in clinical chest images. To achieve this, we developed a technique for simulating the effect of dose reduction on image quality of digital chest images. Materials and Methods: The technique was developed for a digital charge-coupled-device (CCD) chest unit with slot-scan acquisition. Raw pixel values were scaled to a lower dose level, and a random number representing noise to each specific pixel value was added. After adding noise, raw images were post processed in the standard way. Validation was performed by comparing pixel standard deviation, as a measure of noise, in simulated images with images acquired at actual lower doses. To achieve this, a uniform test object and an anthropomorphic phantom were used. Additionally, noise power spectra of simulated and actual images were compared. Also, detectability of simulated lesions was investigated using a model observer. Results: The mean difference in noise values between simulated and real lower-dose phantom images was smaller than 5% for relevant clinical settings. Noise power spectra appeared to be comparable on average but simulated images showed slightly higher noise levels for higher spatial frequencies and slightly lower noise levels for lower spatial frequencies. Comparable detection performance was shown in simulated and actual images with slightly worse detectability for simulated lower dose images. Conclusion: We have developed and validated a method for simulating dose reduction. Our method seems an acceptable pragmatic tool for studying the relationship between dose and image quality.

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“…The NPS was divided by the square of the mean value of the pixels used for analysis. This ratio is referred to as the normalized noise power spectrum and has units of mm 2 .…”

Section: Noise Power Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technique for Simulating the Effect of Dose Reduction on Image Quality in Digital Chest Radiography

et al. 2008

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“…However, conventional radiography has film which serves both detector as well as storage device while in DR image is generated by digital detectors which is then is stored in digital medium (Widmer, 2008). In general, digital radiography is divided into computed radiography (CR) and direct digital radiography (DDR) (Chotas, 1999;Kotter and Langer, 2002;Mattoon and Smith, 2004;Shepard, 2006). One more digital imaging system i.e., charged coupled devices (CCD) are available which are considered with DDR hardware as image is directly sent to a computer.…”

Section: Basics Of Digital Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Update on Diagnostic Imaging Techniques in Veterinary Practice

Gugjoo¹,

Amarpal²,

Kinjavdekar³

et al. 2014

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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“…That light is then converted e at a second stage e into an electric charge by means of an amorphous silicon photodiode array. 8 CR technology uses an indirect conversion process using a two stage technique. X-rays are captured at a storagephosphor screen (SPS) (ex: BaFBr:Eu 2þ ) and then a photodetector captures the light emitted from the SPS and converts the captured luminescence into a corresponding digital image.…”

Section: Overview Of Cr and Dr Detectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a second stage that light is converted into an electric charge by means of an a-Si photodiode array. 8 Indirect conversion detectors are constructed by adding an a-Si photodiode circuitry and a scintillator as the top layers of the TFT sandwich. These layers replace the X-ray semiconductor …”

Section: Large Area Indirect Conversion Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital radiography detectors – A technical overview: Part 1

Lança

Silva

2009

Radiography

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During the last two decades screen-film (SF) systems have been replaced by digital X-ray systems. The advent of digital technologies brought a number of digital solutions based on different detector and readout technologies. Improvements in technology allowed the development of new digital technologies for projection radiography such as computed radiography (CR) and digital radiography (DR). The large number of scientific papers concerning digital X-ray systems that have been published over the last 25 years indicates the relevance of these technologies in healthcare.There are important differences among different detector technologies that may affect system performance and image quality for diagnostic purposes. Radiographers are expected to have an effective understanding of digital X-ray technologies and a high level of knowledge and awareness concerning the capabilities of these systems. Patient safety and reliable diagnostic information are intrinsically linked to these factors.In this review article e which is the first of two parts e a global overview of the digital radiography systems (both CR and DR) currently available for clinical practice is provided.

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Principles of Digital Radiography with Large-Area, Electronically Readable Detectors: A Review of the Basics

Cited by 159 publications

References 21 publications

A Technique for Simulating the Effect of Dose Reduction on Image Quality in Digital Chest Radiography

A Technique for Simulating the Effect of Dose Reduction on Image Quality in Digital Chest Radiography

An Update on Diagnostic Imaging Techniques in Veterinary Practice

Digital radiography detectors – A technical overview: Part 1

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