Produção e produtos à base de coco (Cocos nucifera L.): uma revisão / Production and products based on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.): a review

Rocha, Keli Daiane Camargo; Ferreira, Marcela Santos; Garcia, Carlos Eduardo Rocha

doi:10.34117/bjdv8n5-573

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Ripe fruits were selected based on their visual appearance, physical characteristics, and flowering time. At 7 months after flowering, the endosperm presents a firmer consistency, while at 12 months it is fully ripe, hardened, and with a darker color ( Rocha, Ferreira & Garcia, 2022 ). The fruits were opened to obtain the pulp using a previously sanitized stainless steel knife.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coconut pulp is defined as the product obtained from the edible part of the coconut, through an appropriate technological process. Formed from the fifth or sixth month after the inflorescence, it is a gelatinous and translucent substance that at the end of ripening has a firmer consistency and darker color ( Rocha, Ferreira & Garcia, 2022 ). However, mature coconut water is typically discarded.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilization of ripe coconut water in the development of probiotic gelatin

Patricio Rocha,

de Brito Lopes,

Oliveira Morais da Silva

et al. 2024

PeerJ

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Background Desserts with vegetable ingredients are a constantly expanding global market due to the search for alternatives to cow’s milk. Fermentation of these matrices by lactic acid bacteria can add greater functionality to the product, improving its nutritional, sensory, and food safety characteristics, as well as creating bioactive components with beneficial effects on health. Concern for health and well-being has aroused interest in byproducts of the industry that have functional properties for the body, such as mature coconut water, a normally discarded residue that is rich in nutrients. This study aimed to develop a probiotic gelatin based on pulp and water from mature coconuts and evaluate the physicochemical characteristics, viability of the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LR32 strain in the medium, as well as the texture properties of the product. Methods After collection and cleaning, the physicochemical characterization, mineral analysis, analysis of the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of mature coconut water were carried out, as well as the centesimal composition of its pulp. Afterwards, the gelling was developed with the addition of modified corn starch, gelatin, sucrose, and probiotic culture, being subjected to acidity analysis, texture profile and cell count, on the first day and every 7 days during 21 days of storage, under refrigeration at 5 °C. An analysis of the centesimal composition was also carried out. Results The main minerals in coconut water were potassium (1,932.57 mg L−1), sodium (19.57 mg L−1), magnesium (85.13 mg L−1) calcium (279.93 mg L−1) and phosphorus (11.17 mg L−1), while the pulp had potassium (35.96 g kg−1), sodium (0.97 g kg−1), magnesium (2.18 g kg−1), 37 calcium (1.64 g kg−1), and phosphorus (3.32 g kg−1). The phenolic content of the water and pulp was 5.72 and 9.77 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 100 g−1, respectively, and the antioxidant capacity was 1.67 and 0.98 39 g of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) mg−1, respectively. The coconut pulp had 2.81 g 100 g−1of protein, 1.11 g 100 g−1 of 40 ash, 53% moisture, and 5.81 g 100 g−1 of carbohydrates. The gelatin produced during the storage period presented firmness parameters ranging from 145.82 to 206.81 grams-force (gf), adhesiveness from 692.85 to 1,028.63 gf sec, cohesiveness from 0.604 to 0.473, elasticity from 0.901 to 0.881, gumminess from 86.27 to 97.87 gf, and chewiness from 77.72 to 91.98 gf. Regarding the viability of the probiotic microorganism, the dessert had 7.49 log CFU g−1 that remained viable during the 21-day storage, reaching 8.51 CFU g−1. Acidity ranged from 0.15 to 0.64 g of lactic acid 100 g−1. The centesimal composition of the product showed 4.88 g 100 g−1 of protein, 0.54 g 100 g−1 of ash, 85.21% moisture, and 5.37g 100 g−1 of carbohydrates. The development of the gelatin made it possible to obtain a differentiated product, contributing to diversification in the food sector, providing a viable alternative for maintaining consumer health and reducing costs compared to desserts already available on the market.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of ripe coconut water in the development of probiotic gelatin

Patricio Rocha,

de Brito Lopes,

Oliveira Morais da Silva

et al. 2024

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Influence of Coconut Fiber Waste and Rice Husk Ash on Green Concrete

Morato,

Guedes,

Barbosa

et al. 2023

RGSA

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Purpose: To develop cementitious materials, concrete, incorporating coconut fiber waste (CFW) and rice husk ash (RHA), with the aim of producing innovative, cost-effective, and readily available products for use in economically and environmentally friendly construction applications. Environmental impacts can be minimized by making these practices efficient and sustainable through the utilization of these waste materials. Theoretical framework: The use of agro-industrial waste in concrete matrices has been extensively studied due to their effectiveness in influencing material properties. The incorporation of coconut fiber waste and rice husk ash into concrete can lead to improvements in compressive strength, increased durability, and a reduction in the amount of CO2 generated during production. The concrete developed with the incorporation of waste products has the potential to minimize environmental impacts, reduce costs, and extend its lifespan. The pursuit of sustainability drives the exploration of innovative materials to preserve natural resources and mitigate ecological impact in the construction industry. Method: The coconut fiber waste was subjected to 24-hour drying process in an oven at 100°C to remove moisture and was subsequently crushed in a ball mill until its particle size exhibited characteristics similar to the binder. The CFW and RHA were characterized through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Specific Surface Area analysis. Different percentages of CFW (0.25% - 0.75%) and RHA (2% - 10%) were separately incorporated into the concrete mix. The mixing ratio used was 1:1.9:3.1 (cement, sand, aggregate), with a water-to-cement (w/c) ratio of 0.60. Workability tests, electrical resistivity tests, capillary water absorption by capillary rise, and axial compressive strength tests were conducted. Additionally, a sulfate ion penetration test was performed by immersing specimens in a 2.5% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution for 7 days. Results: SEM images of CFW reveal an angular and fibrous microstructure, maintaining the original properties of the waste even after its transformation into ash. RHA particles exhibit irregular shapes and sizes with microporous cellular structures on the surface, consistent with literature. X-Ray Diffraction patterns of CFW indicate a material without a distinct crystalline structure. However, Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy analysis suggests the predominance of carbon (C), potassium oxide (K2O), and silica (SiO2). RHA shows broad amorphous diffraction at 22° and some sharp diffraction peaks, suggesting the formation of crystallites, consistent with cristobalite. There was a slight improvement in the workability of fresh concrete compared to the reference mix as the percentage of waste incorporation increased. The electrical resistivity of the produced specimens showed a significant increase in all cases, except for the 0.25% RHA sample. The 5.0% CFW content exhibited the best performance, with a 29.47% increase, indicating a microstructure with few voids and suggesting greater material durability. Samples with higher fiber percentages showed higher water absorption values. Concrete incorporated with RHA exhibited higher porosity and suboptimal performance. However, the incorporation of 0.25% CFW showed a slight improvement compared to the reference concrete. The best performances observed in the compressive strength test were with 5.0% RHA and 0.5% CFW, with the latter showing the best result compared to the reference specimens. In the sulfate attack test, only the concrete with 5.0% RHA showed better performance in an aggressive environment. Increasing the percentage of CFW also reduced mass loss, suggesting potential improvement of the compound at higher proportions. The study demonstrated that agro-industrial residues can be satisfactorily utilized in construction, and the implementation of this new process can reduce global warming and mineral resource depletion. Research implications: This work contributes to a sustainable circular economy with a novel process for utilizing agro-industrial waste in concrete. Originality/Value: The findings will be promising for the utilization of coconut fiber waste and rice husk ash in the production of environmentally sustainable concrete.

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Environmental Assessment of Green Areas in the City of Campinas, SP: A Study of Sustainability and Biodiversity

Takahashi,

Izidro,

Da Silva

et al. 2024

RGSA

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Objective: To present a diagnosis of the environmental quality of three (3) urban green areas in Campinas, SP, so that the impact caused by urban pressure arising from the growth of cities can be evaluated. Theoretical Benchmark: Research has been conducted on sustainable development goals, smart cities and urban green areas, and can understand the importance of urban green areas in the sustainable development of smart cities. Method: Application of the LAP (Landscape Assessment Protocol) methodology, where, through Landscape Assessment using 15 metrics, the LAP CI index is obtained. Results and conclusion: The areas evaluated have LAP CI indices ranging from moderate with index 61 for the Taquaral Lagoon, 81 being good for the German Forest and 95, excellent for the Santa Geneva Forest. The methodology used can be applied to different types of areas, reflecting their environmental condition through the urban pressure suffered and having an inverse relationship between the number of visitors to the parks and the index found. Implications of the research: The research demonstrated that the methodology can be applied by different evaluators bringing different views about the environmental quality of urban green areas, precisely for the subjetive character of the evaluator in scoring the metrics. This environmental classification can help decision-makers create urban green area recovery programs. Originality / value: The research showed that the evaluation of urban green areas is an important ally in the search for sustainability in cities in order to provide better quality of life to the population.

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Produção e produtos à base de coco (Cocos nucifera L.): uma revisão / Production and products based on coconut (Cocos nucifera L.): a review

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Utilization of ripe coconut water in the development of probiotic gelatin

Utilization of ripe coconut water in the development of probiotic gelatin

Influence of Coconut Fiber Waste and Rice Husk Ash on Green Concrete

Environmental Assessment of Green Areas in the City of Campinas, SP: A Study of Sustainability and Biodiversity

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