Production of Pyrolyzed Oil from Crude Glycerol using a Microwave Heating Technique

Leong, Swee Kim; Lam, Su Shiung; Ani, Farid Nasir; Ng, Jo-Han; Chong, Cheng Tung

doi:10.14716/ijtech.v7i2.2979

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Due to the high hydrocarbon content of plastics, the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of plastics would result in high bio-oil yields. difference was more significant when the heating temperature was raised to 400°C and the gaseous product was reduced by 19%, while the liquid product increased by 22% (137). The same authors reported that the highest liquid (bio-oil) product yield was obtained at the heating temperature of 400°C.…”

Section: Organicsmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Nomanbhay

Hussein

Ong

2018

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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Biodiesel being one of the most promising renewable biofuels has seen rapid increase in production capacity due to high demand for diesel replacement; along with oversupply of its by-product, crude glycerol. Developing new industrial usage for glycerol is essential to defray the cost and sustainability of biodiesel industry and to promote the biodiesel industrialization. One of the approaches is by the transformation of glycerol into a liquid, referred as bio-oil through pyrolysis technology. Bio-oils produced by pyrolysis processes can be upgraded to produce transportation fuels or for power generation. However, current state of pyrolysis technologies are still major hurdles their development with respect to its commercial applications. Recently, microwave technology has attracted considerable attention as effective method for significantly reducing reaction time, improving the yields and selectivity of target products. Hence, this review strives extensively towards addressing the application of microwave-assisted technology applied to the pyrolysis process as a way of cost-effective and operationally feasible processes to directly utilize crude glycerol. The present review will focus on the pyrolyzed liquid product (bio-oil) derived by employing the microwave-assisted pyrolysis method. This review concludes that microwaveassisted glycerol conversion technology is a promising option as an alternative method to conventional glycerol conversion technology.

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Section: Organicsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In a recent study, it was reported that generally the presence of the catalyst during the microwave-assisted pyrolysis of crude glycerol resulted in an increase in liquid product and a decrease in gaseous product at both the temperatures of 300°C and 400°C (137). At 300°C…”

Section: Microwave-assisted Pyrolysis Of Crude Glycerol As Sole Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Nomanbhay

Hussein

Ong

2018

Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews

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“…The heating process acts as the driving force to extract the triglyceride compound from the biological matrix in a shorter period of time (Patil et al, 2011). The method was used by Leong et al (2016), who used microwave heating to obtain pyrolyzed oil from crude glycerol.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of Batchwise Solvent Extraction and the Microwave Assisted Extraction Method for the Purification of Triglyceride for Biodiesel Feedstock from Crude Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil (CCIO)

Aparamarta¹,

Gunawan²,

Azhar³

et al. 2019

IJTech

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Recently, edible oil has been employed for biodiesel feedstocks. However, the use of such oil to fulfil energy demand raises certain problems, such as the sustainability of the practice due to its competition with food. Therefore, it is necessary to obtain alternative resources from non-edible oil. One promising biodiesel feedstock from a non-edible oil source is crude Calophyllum inophyllum oil (CCIO) because of its high oil content. The highest oil content in CCIO is triglyceride (TG), which influences biodiesel production. The higher content of TG results in a higher yield of biodiesel. Previous research on the conversion of CCIO into biodiesel with an environmentally friendly purification method and fast separation of compounds is limited. In this work, batchwise solvent extraction (BSE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were compared to achieve an effective and efficient method for TG purification. By using the microwave method with 450 watts of power for 30 minutes, a high content of TG was obtained. It was found that TG content increased significantly, from 75.99% to 83.46%. Using the BSE method with a mixture of petroleum ether−methanol (methanol 25%), a solvent-to-oil mass ratio of 5:1, time for the first 2 stages (48 hours), the TG content obtained was 82.02%. The data obtained for the microwave method are almost equivalent to the first 2 stages of BSE with regard to TG content (83.46% compared to 82.02%) and almost 0.01 times shorter than BSE (30 minutes compared to 48 hours).

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“…In another study, Leong et al (2016) reported the pyrolysis of crude glycerol using a microwave heating technique to produce pyrolyzed liquid, which can be used as fuels in combustion systems. Glycerol could also be converted to glycerol carbonate (Okoye and Hameed, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Glycerol by Ketalization Reactions with Acetone to Produce Solketal using Indion 225 Na as Catalyst

Sulistyo¹,

Priadana²,

Fitriandini³

et al. 2020

IJTech

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The increase of biodiesel production would cause an increase of glycerol as by-products. In the present study, utilization of glycerol by-products to form solketal using Indion 225 Na as a catalyst was investigated. The intrinsic kinetic data were taken in a batch reaction. The results showed that the temperatures and catalyst concentration have a significant influence on the conversion of glycerol. However, varying the acetone to glycerol ratio only had a marginal impact on glycerol conversion. A kinetic model based on Eley Rideal mechanism was developed to describe the reaction mechanism over the catalyst. The simulation results of glycerol conversion were compared to experimental data at temperatures from 308 K to 328 K. From the kinetic model, it was found that the pre-exponential factor of 2.59 min-1 , activation energy of 21.16 kJ/mol, acetone adsorption equilibrium of 0.62, and solketal desorption equilibrium of 0.03 were obtained. Comparison between the experimental and calculated glycerol concentrations showed that the model described the data well within the temperature range of 308 K to 328 K.

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Production of Pyrolyzed Oil from Crude Glycerol using a Microwave Heating Technique

Cited by 16 publications

References 22 publications

Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Sustainability of biodiesel production in Malaysia by production of bio-oil from crude glycerol using microwave pyrolysis: a review

Comparative Study of Batchwise Solvent Extraction and the Microwave Assisted Extraction Method for the Purification of Triglyceride for Biodiesel Feedstock from Crude Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil (CCIO)

Utilization of Glycerol by Ketalization Reactions with Acetone to Produce Solketal using Indion 225 Na as Catalyst

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