Protection Method for Data Communication between ADS-B Sensor and Next-Generation Air Traffic Control Systems

Lee, Seoung-Hyeon; Kim, Yong-Kyun; Han, Jeong In; Lee, Deok-Gyu

doi:10.3390/info5040622

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…As one of the fundamental components of modern navigation systems, much research has been done and is still ongoing with respect to different aspects of ADS-B. This includes, but is not limited to, security and verification of messages [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] experimental attack analysis [17][18][19][20], data quality analysis [21][22][23][24][25], safety assessment [26,27], flight testing [21,28,29], etc. ADS-B security protocols have been a topic of many studies during the system evolution.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

Tabassum

Semke

2018

Data

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An analysis of the performance of automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) data received from the Grand Forks, North Dakota International Airport was carried out in this study. The purpose was to understand the vulnerabilities of the universal access transceiver (UAT) ADS-B system and recognize the effects on present and future air traffic control (ATC) operation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandated all the general aviation aircraft to be equipped with ADS-B. The aircraft flying within United States and below the transition altitude (18,000 feet) are more likely to install a UAT ADS-B. At present, unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and autonomous air traffic control (ATC) towers are being integrated into the aviation industry and UAT ADS-B is a basic sensor for both class 1 and class 2 detect-and-avoid (DAA) systems. As a fundamental component of future surveillance systems, the anomalies and vulnerabilities of the ADS-B system need to be identified to enable a fully-utilized airspace with enhanced situational awareness. The data received was archived in GDL-90 format, which was parsed into readable data. The anomaly detection of ADS-B messages was based on the FAA ADS-B performance assessment report. The data investigation revealed ADS-B message suffered from different anomalies including dropout, missing payload, data jump, low confidence data, and altitude discrepancy. Among those studied, the most severe was dropout and 32.49% of messages suffered from this anomaly. Dropout is an incident where ADS-B failed to update within a specified rate. Considering the potential danger being imposed, an in-depth analysis was carried out to characterize message dropout. Three flight parameters were selected to investigate their effect on dropout. Statistical analysis was carried out and the Friedman Statistical Test identified that altitude affected dropout more than any other flight parameter.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various techniques were discussed to adopt while verifying original ADS-B messages. These include traditional Kalman filtering, group validation [10], cryptography [9,13,15,16], and identity-based signature with batch verification [30]. Each of the solutions is yet to be implemented in the real-time ADS-B network.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

Tabassum

Semke

2018

Data

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show abstract

“…As one of the fundamental components of modern navigation systems, much research has been done and is still going on different aspects of ADS-B. This includes, but is not limited to, security and verification of messages [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] experimental attack analysis [17][18][19][20] data quality analysis [21][22][23][24][25] safety assessment [26] [27], flight testing [21,28,29], etc. ADS-B security protocol have been a topic of many studies during the system evolution.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various techniques were discussed to adopt while verifying original ADS-B messages. These include traditional Kalman filtering, Group Validation [10], cryptography [9,13,15,16], Identity-Based Signature with Batch Verification [30]. Each of the solutions is yet to be implemented in the real-time ADS-B network.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

Tabassum

Semke

2018

Preprint

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An analysis of the performance of Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B) data received from the Grand Forks, North Dakota International Airport was carried out in this study. The purpose was to understand the vulnerabilities of Universal Access Transceiver (UAT) ADS-B system and recognize the effects on present and future Air Traffic Control (ATC) operation. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandated all the General Aviation aircraft to be equipped with ADS-B. The aircraft flying within United States and below the transition altitude (18,000 feet) are more likely to install an UAT ADS-B. At present unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) and autonomous air traffic control (ATC) towers are being integrated into the aviation industry and UAT ADS-B is a basic sensor for both class 1 and class 2 Detect and Avoid (DAA) systems. As a fundamental component of future surveillance system, the anomalies and vulnerabilities of ADS-B system need to be identified to enable a fully utilized airspace with enhanced situational awareness. The data received was archived in GDL-90 format, which was parsed into readable data. The anomaly detection of ADS-B messages was based on the FAA ADS-B performance assessment report. The data investigation revealed ADS-B message suffered from different anomalies including drop out; missing payload; data jump; low confident data and altitude discrepancy. Among those studied, the most severe was drop out and 32.49% of messages suffered from this anomaly. Dropout is an incident where ADS-B failed to update within a specified rate. Considering the potential danger being imposed, an in-depth analysis was carried out to characterize message dropout. Three flight parameters were selected to investigate their effect on drop out. Statistical analysis was carried out and Friedman Statistical Test identified that altitude affected drop out more than any other flight parameters.

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“…Therefore, we can improve the robustness against attacks: MITM (false base station), IMSI catcher, replay, impersonation, and ensure forward/backward secrecy FBS. Furthermore, this approach has low computational and communication cost with the ability to achieve handover security [69,70].…”

Section: Using Lightweight Cryptosystemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Public Key Infrastructure-Based Security for Mobile Communication Systems

Ramadan

et al. 2016

Symmetry

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Abstract:Mobile communication security techniques are employed to guard the communication between the network entities. Mobile communication cellular systems have become one of the most important communication systems in recent times and are used by millions of people around the world. Since the 1990s, considerable efforts have been taken to improve both the communication and security features of the mobile communications systems. However, these improvements divide the mobile communications field into different generations according to the communication and security techniques such as A3, A5 and A8 algorithms for 2G-GSM cellular system, 3G-authentication and key agreement (AKA), evolved packet system-authentication and key agreement (EPS-AKA), and long term evolution-authentication and key agreement (LTE-AKA) algorithms for 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) systems. Furthermore, these generations have many vulnerabilities, and huge security work is involved to solve such problems. Some of them are in the field of the public key cryptography (PKC) which requires a high computational cost and more network flexibility to be achieved. As such, the public key infrastructure (PKI) is more compatible with the modern generations due to the superior communications features. This paper surveys the latest proposed works on the security of GSM, CDMA, and LTE cellular systems using PKI. Firstly, we present the security issues for each generation of mobile communication systems, then we study and analyze the latest proposed schemes and give some comparisons. Finally, we introduce some new directions for the future scope. This paper classifies the mobile communication security schemes according to the techniques used for each cellular system and covers some of the PKI-based security techniques such as authentication, key agreement, and privacy preserving.

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Protection Method for Data Communication between ADS-B Sensor and Next-Generation Air Traffic Control Systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

UAT ADS-B Data Anomalies and the Effect of Flight Parameters on Dropout Occurrences

A Survey of Public Key Infrastructure-Based Security for Mobile Communication Systems

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