Protective effect of neonatal BCG vaccines against tuberculous meningitis

Puvacić, Sandra; Dizdarević, Jadranka; Santic, Zarko; Mulaomerović, Mirsada

doi:10.17305/bjbms.2004.3460

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Currently, BCG vaccination covers 85% of newborn infants, and it has been estimated that nearly 100 million children are vaccinated with BCG vaccine every year (12). Several studies have shown that BCG protects against TBM and that its efficacy is around 75 to 85% (8,18,27,34,105,129,163,188,194,212,244,248). Two recent meta-analyses also concluded that BCG vaccination protects against TBM (39,175).…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

et al. 2008

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SUMMARY Tuberculosis of the central nervous system (CNS) is a highly devastating form of tuberculosis, which, even in the setting of appropriate antitubercular therapy, leads to unacceptable levels of morbidity and mortality. Despite the development of promising molecular diagnostic techniques, diagnosis of CNS tuberculosis relies largely on microbiological methods that are insensitive, and as such, CNS tuberculosis remains a formidable diagnostic challenge. Insights into the basic neuropathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and the development of an appropriate animal model are desperately needed. The optimal regimen and length of treatment are largely unknown, and with the rising incidence of multidrug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis, the development of well-tolerated and effective antibiotics remains a continued need. While the most widely used vaccine in the world largely targets this manifestation of tuberculosis, the BCG vaccine has not fulfilled the promise of eliminating CNS tuberculosis. We put forth this review to highlight the current understanding of the neuropathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, to discuss certain epidemiological, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of CNS tuberculosis, and also to underscore the many unmet needs in this important field.

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Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Nervous System Tuberculosis: Pathogenesis and Clinical Aspects

et al. 2008

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“…Those factors could be understood as reflecting a type of individual-susceptible immunity. Generally, BCG vaccination policies aim to achieve a protective effect against tuberculosis at birth or during childhood [ 13 ], and it has been reported that BCG vaccination has a protective effect on all-cause mortality, yellow fever, and influenza [ 14 ]. It has been proposed that BCG vaccination has a protective effect against COVID-19 because BCG contains a 9-amino-acid sequence similar to that of SARS-CoV-2 [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social and Policy Determinants of COVID-19 Infection Across 23 Countries: An Ecological Study

Jeung

Kim

Choi

et al. 2022

J Prev Med Public Health

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Objectives: This study aimed to identify the social and policy determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection across 23 countries.Methods: COVID-19 indicators (incidence, mortality, and fatality) for each country were calculated by direct and indirect standardization. Multivariable regression analyses were used to identify the social and policy determinants of COVID-19 infection.Results: A higher number of doctors per population was related to lower incidence, mortality, and fatality rates of COVID-19 in 23 countries (β=-0.672, -0.445, and -0.564, respectively). The number of nurses/midwives per population was associated with lower mortality and fatality rates of COVID-19 in 23 countries (β=-0.215 and -0.372, respectively). Strengthening of policy restriction indicators, such as restrictions of public gatherings, was related to lower COVID-19 incidence (β=-0.423). A national Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccination policy conducted among special groups or in the past was associated with a higher incidence of COVID-19 in 23 countries (β=0.341). The proportion of the elderly population (aged over 70 years) was related to higher mortality and fatality rates (β=0.209 and 0.350, respectively), and income support was associated with mortality and fatality rates (β=-0.362 and -0.449, respectively).Conclusions: These findings do not imply causality because this was a country-based correlation study. However, COVID-19 transmission can be influenced by social and policy determinants such as integrated health systems and policy responses to COVID-19. Various social and policy determinants should be considered when planning responses to COVID-19.

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“…The severe forms of TB, such as milliary TB and TBM in children, can probably be prevented by the BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine. Several studies have indicated the protective effects of the BCG vaccine against TBM (Awasthi and Moin, 1999;Puvacic et al, 2004;Mittal et al, 1996;Trunz et al, 2006;Xiong et al, 2009). A protective efficacy of approximately 60-70% for the BCG vaccine against TBM has been reported (Thilothammal et al, 1996;Chavalittamrong et al, 1986).…”

Section: Treatments and Management Of Tbmmentioning

confidence: 99%