Pyrolysis GC/MS Profiling of Chemical Markers for Microorganisms

Morgan, Stephen L.; Watt, Bruce E.; Ueda, Kimio; Fox, Alvin

doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-3564-9_12

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…A rapid thermal decomposition or pyrolysis (py) of polymers or biopolymers produces a mixture of volatile components (the pyrolysate) which is suitable for characterization by gas chromatography (GC), [1][2][3][4] mass spectrometry (MS), 5,6 and GC/MS methods. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Bacteria may be regarded as mixtures of biopolymers forming, when whole organisms are pyrolyzed, complex chromatograms, directly or sometimes after derivatization of the pyrolysate. 13,14 These chromatographic fingerprints are useful for identifying bacteria when samples are cultured under carefully controlled conditions; however, these methods are unreliable without stringent control over growth media, temperature, and time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of bacterial strains with pyrolysis-gas chromatography/differential mobility spectrometry

Prasad

Schmidt

Lampen

et al. 2006

Analyst

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Eight vegetative bacterial strains and two spores were characterized by pyrolysis-gas chromatography with differential mobility spectrometry (py-GC/DMS) yielding topographic plots of ion intensity, retention time, and compensation voltage simultaneously for ions in positive and negative polarity. Biomarkers were found in the pyrolysate at characteristic retention times and compensation voltages and were confirmed by standard addition with GC/MS analyses providing discrimination between Gram negative and Gram positive bacterial types, but no recognition of individual strains within the Gram negative bacteria. Principal component analysis was applied using two dimensional data sets of ion intensity versus retention time at five compensation voltages including the reactant ion peaks all in positive and negative ion polarity. Clustering was observed with compensation voltage (CV) chromatograms associated with ion separation in the DMS detector and little or no clustering was observed with the reactant ion peaks or CV chromatograms where ion separation is poor. Consistent clustering of Gram positive B. odysseyi and Gram negative E. coli in both positive and negative polarities with the reactant ion peak chromatograms and key CV chromatograms suggests common but unknown common chemical compositions in the pyrolysate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of bacterial strains with pyrolysis-gas chromatography/differential mobility spectrometry

Prasad

Schmidt

Lampen

et al. 2006

Analyst

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“…In the marine environment amides have been described as a potential nutrient source, and speculated to be derived from photodegradation of dissolved organic matter, from atmospheric input, or as a byproduct of an unspecified degradative metabolic pathway 56 . Acetamide is known to be generated through the pyrolytic cleavage of N-acetylated biopolymers such as chitin 63 and peptidoglycan 64 , and constitutes a dominant N-containing product from the fragmentation of soil organic matter, sewage sludge, and chitin-containing biomass 63 65 66 67 . Acetamide is also a byproduct of the catabolism of nitroimidazole antibiotics by bacteria, through the reductive cleavage of the imidazole ring 68 69 70 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing a genetic manipulation system for the Antarctic archaeon, Halorubrum lacusprofundi: investigating acetamidase gene function

Liao

Williams

Walsh

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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No systems have been reported for genetic manipulation of cold-adapted Archaea. Halorubrum lacusprofundi is an important member of Deep Lake, Antarctica (~10% of the population), and is amendable to laboratory cultivation. Here we report the development of a shuttle-vector and targeted gene-knockout system for this species. To investigate the function of acetamidase/formamidase genes, a class of genes not experimentally studied in Archaea, the acetamidase gene, amd3, was disrupted. The wild-type grew on acetamide as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen, but the mutant did not. Acetamidase/formamidase genes were found to form three distinct clades within a broad distribution of Archaea and Bacteria. Genes were present within lineages characterized by aerobic growth in low nutrient environments (e.g. haloarchaea, Starkeya) but absent from lineages containing anaerobes or facultative anaerobes (e.g. methanogens, Epsilonproteobacteria) or parasites of animals and plants (e.g. Chlamydiae). While acetamide is not a well characterized natural substrate, the build-up of plastic pollutants in the environment provides a potential source of introduced acetamide. In view of the extent and pattern of distribution of acetamidase/formamidase sequences within Archaea and Bacteria, we speculate that acetamide from plastics may promote the selection of amd/fmd genes in an increasing number of environmental microorganisms.

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