Quantitative genetic analysis of methylxanthines and phenolic compounds in mate progenies

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to determine the contents of methylxanthines, caffeine and theobromine, and phenolic compounds, chlorogenic and caffeic acids, in 51 mate progenies (half-sib families) and estimate the heritability of genetic parameters. Mate progenies were from five Brazilian municipalities: Pinhão, Ivaí, Barão de Cotegipe, Quedas do Iguaçu, and Cascavel. The progenies were grown in the Ivaí locality. The contents of the compounds were obtained by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The estimation of genetic parameters by the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and the prediction of genotypic values via best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) were obtained by the Selegen -REML/BLUP software. Caffeine (0.248-1.663%) and theobromine (0.106-0.807%) contents were significantly different (p<0.05) depending on the region of origin, with high individual heritability (ĥ 2 >0.5). The two different progeny groups determined for chlorogenic (1.365-2.281%) and caffeic (0.027-0.037%) acid contents were not significantly different (p<0.05) depending on the locality of origin. Individual heritability values were low to medium for chlorogenic (ĥ 2 <0.4) and caffeic acid (ĥ 2 <0.3). The content of the compounds and the values of genetic parameters could support breeding programs for mate.Index terms: Ilex paraguariensis, caffeine, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, genetic parameters, theobromine. Análise genética quantitativa de metilxantinas e compostos fenólicos em progênies de erva-mateResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o teor de metilxantinas, cafeína e teobromina, e de compostos fenólicos, ácido clorogênico e ácido cafeico, em 51 progênies de erva-mate e estimar componentes de variância e herdabilidade. As progênies de erva-mate eram oriundas de cinco municipios brasileiros: Pinhão, Ivaí, Barão do Cotegipe, Quedas do Iguaçu e Cascavel. Essas progênies foram cultivadas na localidade de Ivaí. O conteúdo dos compostos foi obtido por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE). Na estimativa dos componentes da variância e dos parâmetros genotípicos, utilizou-se a metodologia de modelos mistos para a obtenção da melhor predição linear não viciada (BLUP) dos efeitos genotípicos e o processo da máxima verossimilhança restrita (REML), processados pelo programa Selegen -REML/BLUP. Os conteúdos de cafeína (0,248-1,663 %) e teobromina (0,106-0.807%) foram significativamente (p<0,05) diferentes em relação à localidade de origem, com elevada herdabilidade individual (ĥ 2 >0,5). Foram determinados dois diferentes grupos de progênie para ácido clorogênico (1,365-2,281%) e ácido cafeico (0,027-0,037%), e seu conteúdo não foi significativamente diferente (p<0,05) em relação à localidade de origem. Os valores de herdabilidade individual foram de baixos a médios para ácido clorogênico (ĥ 2 <0,4) e ácido cafeico (ĥ 2 <0,3). O conteúdo dos compostos e os valores dos parâmetros genéticos poderão subsidiar os programas de melhoramento da erva-mate.Termos para indexação: Ilex paraguariensis, cafe...

Bioactive Compounds Concentrations and Stability in Leaves of Ilex paraguariensis Genotypes

“…Results of PCA from caffeine levels identified in this study confirm the broad potential for developing different products with low (or decaffeinated), medium and high caffeine concentrations from yerba mate biomass. The great dependence of genotype on caffeine concentrations verified in our study is a result of high genetic heritability (h 2 ) in the caffeine content, also verified in studies conducted on yerba mate (h 2 from 0.60 to 0.83) [35,39,40].…”

Bioactive compounds and leaf anatomy of yerba mate morphotypes

“…There are still few studies reporting caffeine content as a target for yerba mate breeding programs, but results observed in the literature for this and other compounds indicate the possibility of genetic gains with genotypes selection, especially for caffeine high heritability (Cardozo Junior et al, 2010;Duarte et al, 2020;Tomasi et al, 2021;Vieira et al, 2021). Morphotypes differentiation concerning bioactive compounds can become the target of yerba mate silviculture, with the possibility of introducing genotypes with differentiated raw material.…”

Genetic parameters estimates and visual selection for leaves production in Ilex paraguariensis

“…Today, we seek to include in the breeding programs of the species characteristics related to the quality of their derived products. Among these, the content of chemical compounds has relevance to influence directly the characteristics of the commercial products and their biological effects (Cardozo Junior et al 2010).…”