Quantitative proteomic analyses in blood: A window to human health and disease

Abstract

This review discusses how the measurement of proteins in blood and its components via quantitative proteomics analyses can inform health status. Various external and internal factors such as environmental conditions, genetic background, nutrition, diet, and lifestyle, chronic pathological conditions, disease state, or therapeutic intervention will be investigated and their effects on the protein profile will be shown. The resulting changes to ones’ health and how this protein expression information can be used in early screening/diagnostic applications, drug discovery, precision treatment, patient management, and monitoring overall health status will also be presented.

Unbiased proteomic analysis detects painful systemic inflammatory profile in the serum of nerve injured mice

“…The copyright holder for this preprint this version posted March 2, 2022. ; https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02. 28.482355 doi: bioRxiv preprint Significant advances in protein profiling technologies (protein separation, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics) [70] offer great promise to study proteins in plasma and serum. Blood protein scanning has delivered great success in personalized health/disease assessments [18; 51; 58].…”

High‐throughput proteomics of breast cancer interstitial fluid: identification of tumor subtype‐specific serologically relevant biomarkers

“…Blood is the most commonly analyzed clinical biospecimen, and it is considered a promising resource for the screening and diagnosis of various pathologies, including cancer. Obtaining a blood sample can also be minimally invasive for a patient [15].…”

“…Blood is the most commonly analyzed clinical biospecimen, and it is considered a promising resource for the screening and diagnosis of various pathologies, including cancer. Obtaining a blood sample can also be minimally invasive for a patient [15]. However, despite tremendous efforts, no robust BC-associated protein biomarkers in blood have been implemented into clinical practice, mainly due to difficulties in monitoring tumor heterogeneity and the very high dilution factor of a potential biomarker in blood [15].…”

“…Obtaining a blood sample can also be minimally invasive for a patient [15]. However, despite tremendous efforts, no robust BC-associated protein biomarkers in blood have been implemented into clinical practice, mainly due to difficulties in monitoring tumor heterogeneity and the very high dilution factor of a potential biomarker in blood [15]. Over the past decade, several research labs, including our own, have explored the hypothesis that biomolecules which are aberrantly externalized by breast tumor cells and stromal cells into the tumor interstitium are present at higher, detectable levels within the local tumor space [7,9].…”

Plasma protein-based signature predicts distant metastasis and induction chemotherapy benefit in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

“…Liquid biopsy is a convenient and non-invasive sampling method that can dynamically reflect the changes of circulating components related to tumor diagnosis and prognosis 8 . Metastasis is established in a multi-step manner dependent on interactions between cancer cells and the host environment 9 , 10 , in which the levels and composition of circulating proteins can be significantly altered 11 , even before the actual distant relapse lesion is detectable by imaging. Proteins in circulation can reflect signals not only from the primary tumor, but also from potential micrometastatic diseases, as well as any inflammatory or immune response of the host, thereby representing the comprehensive risk for metastasis.…”