Quantitative risk assessment of CO2 transport by pipelines—A review of uncertainties and their impacts

Koornneef, Joris; Spruijt, M.P.N.; Molag, M.; Ramírez, Andrea; Turkenburg, Wim; Faaij, André

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.11.068

Cited by 112 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…More recently, causes of pipeline failure have been reviewed (e.g., Bilio et al, 2009), and significant efforts are being made to develop approaches for onshore pipeline risk assessment, yet no overall CO 2 -specific framework has emerged (Koornneef et al, 2010;McGillivray et al, 2014). The most recently published work on CO 2 pipeline risk assessment focuses heavily on consequence modeling (e.g., Lisbona et al, 2014) rather than on likelihood estimation (e.g., McGillivray et al, 2014).…”

Section: General Co 2 Pipeline Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Probability High-Consequence (LPHC) Failure Events in Geologic Carbon Sequestration Pipelines and Wells: Framework for LPHC Risk Assessment Incorporating Spatial Variability of Risk

Oldenburg

Budnitz

2016

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If Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage (CCS) is to be effective in mitigating climate change, it will need to be carried out on a very large scale. This will involve many thousands of miles of dedicated high-pressure pipelines in order to transport many millions of tonnes of CO 2 annually, with the CO 2 delivered to many thousands of wells that will inject the CO 2 underground. The new CCS infrastructure could rival in size the current U.S. upstream natural gas pipeline and well infrastructure. This new infrastructure entails hazards for life, health, animals, the environment, and natural resources. Pipelines are known to rupture due to corrosion, from external forces such as impacts by vehicles or digging equipment, by defects in construction, or from the failure of valves and seals. Similarly, wells are vulnerable to catastrophic failure due to corrosion, cement degradation, or operational mistakes. While most accidents involving pipelines and wells will be minor, there is the inevitable possibility of accidents with very high consequences, especially to public health. The most important consequence of concern is CO 2 release to the environment in concentrations sufficient to cause death by asphyxiation to nearby populations. Such accidents are thought to be very unlikely, but of course they cannot be excluded, even if major engineering effort is devoted (as it will be) to keeping their probability low and their consequences minimized. This project has developed a methodology for analyzing the risks of these rare but high-consequence accidents, using a step-by-step probabilistic methodology. A key difference between risks for pipelines and wells is that the former are spatially distributed along the pipe whereas the latter are confined to the vicinity of the well. Otherwise, the methodology we develop for risk assessment of pipeline and well failures is similar and provides an analysis both of the annual probabilities of accident sequences of concern and of their consequences, and crucially the methodology provides insights into what measures might be taken to mitigate those accident sequences identified as of concern. Mitigating strategies could address reducing the likelihood of an accident sequence of concern, or reducing the consequences, or some combination. The methodology elucidates both local and integrated risks along the pipeline or at the well providing information useful to decision makers at various levels including local (e.g., property owners and town councils), regional (e.g., county and state representatives), and national levels (federal regulators and corporate proponents).

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Section: General Co 2 Pipeline Risk Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-Probability High-Consequence (LPHC) Failure Events in Geologic Carbon Sequestration Pipelines and Wells: Framework for LPHC Risk Assessment Incorporating Spatial Variability of Risk

Oldenburg

Budnitz

2016

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“…[1/year/km], P 2 = 0.1, P 3 = 0.9, P 4 = 0.99, P 5 = 0.01, P 6 = 0.9 and P 7 = 0.1, the probability of an uncontrolled release of CO 2 can be calculated (Koornneef et al, 2010).…”

Section: Hazards Involved In Carbon Dioxide Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analysis of Pipeline Transportation Process for CO2 Captured From Reference Coal-Fired 900 MW Power Plant to Sequestration Region

Witkowski¹,

Rusin²,

Majkut³

et al. 2014

Chemical and Process Engineering

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Three commercially available intercooled compression strategies for compressing CO 2 were studied. All of the compression concepts required a final delivery pressure of 153 bar at the inlet to the pipeline. Then, simulations were used to determine the maximum safe pipeline distance to subsequent booster stations as a function of inlet pressure, environmental temperature, thickness of the thermal insulation and ground level heat flux conditions. The results show that subcooled liquid transport increases energy efficiency and minimises the cost of CO 2 transport over long distances under heat transfer conditions. The study also found that the thermal insulation layer should not be laid on the external surface of the pipe in atmospheric conditions in Poland. The most important problems from the environmental protection point of view are rigorous and robust hazard identification which indirectly affects CO 2 transportation. This paper analyses ways of reducing transport risk by means of safety valves.

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“…A CO 2 concentration of 150,000 parts per million (ppm), or 15% by volume, can cause a person to lose consciousness in less than one minute. Exposure for one hour to concentrations between 100,000 and 150,000 ppm can cause mortality ranging from 20% to 90% (Koornneef et al, 2010).…”

Section: Risk During Transportationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Capture and Storage - Technologies and Risk Management

Esteves¹,

Morgado²

2012

Fossil Fuel and the Environment

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Quantitative risk assessment of CO2 transport by pipelines—A review of uncertainties and their impacts

Cited by 112 publications

References 30 publications

Low-Probability High-Consequence (LPHC) Failure Events in Geologic Carbon Sequestration Pipelines and Wells: Framework for LPHC Risk Assessment Incorporating Spatial Variability of Risk

Low-Probability High-Consequence (LPHC) Failure Events in Geologic Carbon Sequestration Pipelines and Wells: Framework for LPHC Risk Assessment Incorporating Spatial Variability of Risk

The Analysis of Pipeline Transportation Process for CO2 Captured From Reference Coal-Fired 900 MW Power Plant to Sequestration Region

Carbon Capture and Storage - Technologies and Risk Management

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