QuEChERS method for the simultaneous quantification of phorate and its metabolites in porcine and chicken muscle and table eggs using ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry

Abstract

An analytical method to detect phorate and its metabolites, including phorate sulfone, phorate sulfoxide, phoratoxon, phoratoxon sulfone, and phoratoxon sulfoxide, in porcine and chicken muscles and table eggs was developed and validated. Extraction was performed using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method and analysis was conducted using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Matrix-matched calibrations were linear over the tested concentrations, with determination coefficient ≥ 0.995 for all tested analytes in the different matrices. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.001 and 0.004 mg/kg, respectively. The calculated recovery rates at three fortification levels were satisfactory, with values between 74.22 and 119.89% and relative standard deviations < 10%. The method was applied successfully to commercial samples collected from locations throughout the Korean Peninsula, and none of them showed any traces of the tested analytes. Overall, the developed method is simple and versatile, and can be used for monitoring phorate and its metabolites in animal products rich in protein and fat.

Screening for Lactobacillus plantarum Strains That Possess Organophosphorus Pesticide-Degrading Activity and Metabolomic Analysis of Phorate Degradation

“…The National Pesticide Information Center of United States listed chlorpyrifos, phorate, dimethoate, malathion, acephate, naled, dicrotophos, phosmet, diazinon, and azinphos-methyl as the most used OPPs (NPIC 1 ). Residues of some OPPs are repeatedly reported in the terrestrial and aquatic food chains ( Regueiro et al, 2015 ), e.g., dimethoate residues in soil ( Liu et al, 2016 ), olives ( Paíga et al, 2016 ), and apples ( Szpyrka et al, 2015 ); phorate residues in green tea ( Steiniger et al, 2010 ), livestock products ( Rahman et al, 2016 ), and soil ( Stoleru et al, 2015 ; Ramasubramanian and Paramasivam, 2016 ); and omethoate residues in various vegetables ( Stoleru et al, 2015 ). Therefore, our work focused on identifying lactobacilli that could degrade these three OPPs, i.e., dimethoate, phorate, and omethoate.…”

Determination of 19 sulfonamides residues in pork samples by combining QuEChERS with dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction followed by UHPLC-MS/MS

“…The challenge with solid sample material is that the target analytes should be extracted from the matrix with an appropriate solvent before the DLLME procedure. Another recently popularized treatment is a fast and inexpensive method, so called QuEChERS, which has been widely used mainly for the extraction of pesticides , as well as other compounds . However, its major disadvantage is the low enrichment factor that can be achieved.…”

Characterization of an epoxide‐derived metabolite of dictamnine using high‐performance liquid chromatography with hybrid linear trap quadrupole orbitrap mass spectrometry

“…The modification of the biomolecules is suggested to trigger the process of toxicities. Many structural toxicophores have been documented based on structure–bioactivation and structure‐toxicity studies , which makes it possible to predict the potential toxicity of a drug candidate and to avoid these functional groups in the practice of drug design. Up to now, about 80% of adverse drug reactions are predictable and are generally identified in preclinical toxicological investigations , Unsaturated bond is generally considered as an important structure alert.…”