Quercetin suppress microglial neuroinflammatory response and induce antidepressent-like effect in olfactory bulbectomized rats

Minocycline modulates neuropathic pain behaviour and cortical M1–M2 microglial gene expression in a rat model of depression

“…Specifically, chronic minocycline has been demonstrated to attenuate OB-related hyperactivity, behavioural despair (forced swim test) and spatial memory deficits (Borre et al, 2012, Rinwa andKumar, 2013). Our data confirm these findings, demonstrating that OB-induced hyperactivity on…”

“…Several studies from our group and others have demonstrated increased microglial activation, TNFα and/or IL-1β levels in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and hypothalamus (Borre et al, 2012, Myint et al, 2007, Burke et al, 2013a and neurodegeneration in the amygdala and hippocampus (Wrynn et al, 2000, Jarosik et al, 2007 of OB rats. The antidepressant-like effect of minocycline in OB rats is associated with an attenuation of increases in oxidative-nitrosative stress markers, TNFα and IL-6 levels and caspase 3 activity in the cortex and hippocampus (Rinwa and Kumar, 2013). Thus, minocycline may modulate microglial activation and neuronal reorganisation that occurs in response to removal of the bulbs, mitigating some of the pathological alterations observed in the model and resulting in an antidepressant-like effect.…”

The protective effect of Hypericum connatum on stress-induced escape deficit in rat is related to its flavonoid content

“…We then studied the possible anti-stress activity of quercetin, isoquercitrin or rutin that we isolated from H. connatum. A significant protective activity in the ED test was observed with isoquercitrin, quercetin and rutin, in agreement with the results obtained in different tests for antidepressant-like activity after acute (Butterweck et al 2000;Machado et al 2008;Kawabata et al 2010) or repeated administrations (Rinwa and Kumar 2013;Holzmann et al 2015). These results indicate that the protective effects on stress exposure observed after the administration of the extract or its flavonoid-enriched fractions were related to the presence of these flavonoids, suggesting that the active principles responsible of H. connatum central activity are likely different from those involved in the antidepressant effects of H. perforatum.…”

The olfactory bulbectomized rat as a model of depression: The hippocampal pathway

“…Borre et al [79] observed peak levels of TNF-α at day seven post-OBX in the hippocampus. Thirty days after OBX, Rinwa and Kumar [27] observed a four-fold increase in TNF-α and a two-fold increase in caspase3 levels and lower antioxidant enzyme activity in hippocampal homogenates. Microglia has shown to be detrimental to neurogenesis.…”

“…Rinwa et al, [27] found that in the OBX rat quercetin decreases the immobility time in the FST as well as hyperlocomotion in the FST. Recently, Holzmann et al, [117] replicated these findings in OBX female mice.…”