Radiation hardness and lifetime studies of photodiodes for the optical readout of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker

Single event upset studies with the optical links of the ATLAS semiconductor tracker

“…The data from the SCT front end modules are read out serially via the VDC ASIC [5]. The data link uses an NRZ data format and the minimum fibre coupled power will be 300 µW.…”

“…The SCT on-detector components have been designed to be sufficiently radiation tolerant to survive 10 years of LHC operation. The results of the radiation hardness studies of the ASICs, epitaxial silicon PIN photodiodes, VCSELs iii and fibres are described in previous publications [3,4,5,6,7,8]. As well as surviving the large fluences, the SCT optical links have to operate reliably whilst being exposed to a very high flux of charged and neutral particles.…”

“…The effects of radiation on the VCSELs, PIN diodes, on-detector ASICs and fibre are described in references [3,4,5,6]. The most relevant radiation induced effect for the SEU studies is the decrease in responsivity of the silicon PIN diodes.…”

“…The most relevant radiation induced effect for the SEU studies is the decrease in responsivity of the silicon PIN diodes. The unirradiated PIN diodes have an average responsivity of 0.48 A/W, and this decreases rapidly with irradiation to 0.32 A/W [5]. However, the responsivity remains constant with increasing radiation and shows no further decrease up to a fluence of 10 15 1MeV n eq /cm 2 , which is a factor of 3 greater than the maximum expected for the SCT during ATLAS operation [1].…”

Reliability investigations of 850 nm silicon photodiodes under proton irradiation for space applications

“…At this orbit, the environment is well known from radiations point of view, with a majority of proton fluences and energies [1,2]. But, literature has shown that darkness current and current noise are particularly sensitive to proton irradiation [3][4][5]. Our paper is mainly focused on proton radiations representing the mission profile.…”