Radiative parameters for some transitions arising from the 3d⁹4d and 3d⁸4s²electronic configurations in Cu II spectrum

Abstract

Transition probabilities of 41 transitions originating from the 3d 9 4d and 3d 8 4s 2 electronic configurations of singly ionized copper have been determined using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The Cu II ions have been produced by laser ablation. The experimental relative transition probabilities have been converted into an absolute scale using measured branching fractions and theoretical radiative lifetimes of the corresponding upper states obtained by a relativistic Hartree-Fock method taking core-polarization and configuration interaction effects into account. Comparison of the new results with previously available data is also presented.

The Cu II Spectrum

“…Thus, we assumed that they used Lux's temperature value in their data reduction and restored the observed line intensities from the reported line ratios and this temperature. Two of the lines reported in N88 are in common with more accurate measurements of Ortiz et al [50].…”

“…They are proportional to the energy flux under the line profile and have uncertainties of a factor of three on average. Intensities of parity-forbidden transitions are given on a different scale, since most of them were observed only in nebulas; e Line character code: bl-blended line; p-perturbed by a close line; *-the given intensity value is shared by two or more transitions; m-masked by another strong line (no wavelength measurement available);-the value given in the observed wavelength column is a rounded Ritz wavelength (no wavelength measurement available); ?-questionable identification; f Transition probability accuracy code: A+-transition probability uncertainty is likely ≤2%; B+-≤7%; B-≤7%; C+-≤18%; C-≤25%; D-≤50%; E->50%; g Key to observed wavelength and transition probability references: A73-Aller et al [4]; A08-Andersson et al [40]; B00-Biémont et al [41]; B09-Brown et al [42]; C84-Cederquist et al [43]; C94-Crespo López-Urrutia et al [44]; D05-Dong and Fritzsche [45]; G64-Garstang [46]; H71-Hefferlin et al [47]; K66-Kaufman and Ward [15]; K82-Kono and Hattori [48]; M97-McKenna et al [5]; N88-Neger and Jäger [49]; O07-Ortiz et al [50]; P84-Prior [37]; P97-Pinnington et al [51]; R1-Ross [2]; R2-Ross [16]; S36-Shenstone [1]; T53-Thackeray [3]; W93-Wagatsuma and Hirokawa [36]; F-this work, FTS measurements with Cu/Ge/Pt/Ar hollow cathode; F_Re-this work, measurements with Cu/Re/Ar hollow cathode; TW-this work, grating measurements. Lower-case letters after the reference have the following meaning: c-corrected in this work; n-new identification; r-revised identification; cal-calculated A-value; se-A-value was semiempirically adjusted by ratio of observed and calculated lifetime; h Notes: X-excluded from level-optimization procedure; L-lasing line; M1-magnetic-dipole transition; E2-electric-quadrupole transition; HF-hyperfine-induced transition.…”

“…The initial reference data set was constructed of 41 A-values determined by Ortiz et al [50] from branching fractions measured using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and lifetimes calculated using the Cowan suite of codes [52], modified by inclusion of core-polarization effects. The high accuracy of theoretical lifetimes used in that work was confirmed by excellent agreement with accurate measurements made by Pinnington et al [51] and Cederquist et al [43], as well as with other advanced calculations.…”

“…As a first step, to determine initial estimates of the excitation temperatures in H71 and N88, we used Boltzmann plots with reference A-values for the lines at 4043.48 Å and 4227.94 Å from Ortiz et al [50], and for the line at 4909.73 Å from Cederquist et al [43], while for all other lines we used our Cowan-code calculations. As a second step, using the temperatures derived from these Boltzmann plots, we determined the adjusted A-values from the H71 and N88 observed line intensities.…”

“…The final adjusted A-values deduced from the H71 and N88 data are compared with the adopted A-values in Figure 5. In this plot, the reference A-values used for the two leftmost lines (4043.48 Å and 4227.94 Å) and for the rightmost line at 4909.73 Å are from Ortiz et al [50] and Cederquist et al [43], while the rest of the lines use the mean of H71 and N88. The error bars are combined uncertainties of the measured line ratios and reference A-values.…”