Rapid separation and identification of 31 major saponins in Shizhu ginseng by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–electron spray ionization–MS/MS

Abstract

BackgroundAmong the various ginseng strains, Shizhu ginseng is endemic to China, mainly distributed in Kuandian Manchu Autonomous County (Liaoning Province, China); however, not much is known about the compounds (especially saponins) in Shizhu ginseng.MethodsA rapid, sensitive, and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with MS/MS (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed to separate and identify saponins in Shizhu ginseng.ResultsThe separation was carried out on a Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution as the mobile phase under a gradient elution at 40°C. The detection was performed on a Micromass Quattro Micro API mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source in both positive and negative modes. Under the optimized conditions, a total of 31 saponins were identified or tentatively characterized by comparing retention time and MS data with related literatures and reference substances.ConclusionThe developed UHPLC–MS/MS method was suitable for identifying and characterizing the chemical constituents in Shizhu ginseng, which provided a helpful chemical basis for further research on Shizhu ginseng.

UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS/MS‐guided dereplication of Pulsatilla chinensis to identify triterpenoid saponins

“…In previous studies, ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐TOF‐MS) has been applied to characterise triterpenoid saponins in Chinese medicinal herbs and has obtained considerable results. The UPLC‐MS/MS method was developed to separate and identify saponins in Panax gingeng Meyer and a total of 31 saponins were identified or tentatively characterised . Metabolite profiling of five medicinal Panax herbs including Ginseng radix et rhizoma , Notoginseng radix et rhizoma , Panax japonicus (Rhizoma Panacis Majoris) , Panacis quinquefolii radix , and Panax ginseng (Korean ginseng) were performed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS) .…”

“…The UPLC-MS/MS method was developed to separate and identify saponins in Panax gingeng Meyer and a total of 31 saponins were identified or tentatively characterised. 17 were performed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographyquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). 18 Qi et al 19 characterised 70 saponins in American ginseng roots and berries and a pair of stero-saponins isomers was differentiated using the peak abundance ratio.…”

A Complete Survey of Glycoalkaloids Using LC-FTICR-MS and IRMPD in a Commercial Variety and a Local Landrace of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and their Anticholinesterase and Antioxidant Activities

“…As frequently encountered for most plant secondary metabolites, rich fragmentation patterns were produced during ionization of GAs and malonyl-GAs, which provide sufficient resolution for a priori structure elucidation. By analysing the chromatographic behaviour and the MS and MS 2 spectra of compounds 8, 12, 13, 15 and 16 according to related literature [15,27,30], we can assume that these compounds are malonylated form of compounds 2, 5, 11, 9, 10, respectively. Compared with non-malonylated GAs, their chromatographic behaviour is characterized by higher retention time (Table 1).…”

Quality Evaluation of Corydalis yanhusuo by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprinting Coupled with Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis

“…Samples 1-8 and 22-23 were unprocessed (crude drugs), 9-20 were boiled (cooked drugs), and sample 21 was sulfur-fumigated. For better comparison, we used samples originating from Zhejiang, excluding those produced outside of this province (samples [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. It seemed the fingerprints of crude drugs and cooked medicines were obviously different in areas A and C (see Supplementary Fig.…”