Rationale and design of the Lowlands Saves Lives trial: a randomised trial to compare CPR quality and long-term attitude towards CPR performance between face-to-face and virtual reality training with the Lifesaver VR app

Abstract

IntroductionLayperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a key aspect in the chain of survival after cardiac arrest. New, low-cost, easily accessible training methods such as virtual reality (VR) training with a smartphone application may reach broader populations, but data on CPR performance are scarce.Methods and analysisThe Lowlands Saves Lives trial is a prospective randomised open-blinded end-point evaluation study, comparing two 20 min CPR training protocols: standardised, certified instructor-led face-to-face training complying with current education guidelines (using Laerdal Little Anne manikins), and VR training, using the UK Resuscitation Council endorsed Lifesaver VR app. In the latter, chest compressions are practiced on a pillow.During VR training, participants learn to resuscitate by completing a filmed CPR scenario while wearing VR goggles and headphones. Eligible for inclusion are adult attendees of Lowlands Science, a specific section of the 3-day Lowlands music festival (50 000 attendees), dedicated exclusively to science. Following the training, all participants will perform a CPR test on a Laerdal Resusci Anne QCPR manikin. Primary outcome measures are depth and rate of chest compressions, measured using CPR manikins. The key secondary outcome is overall CPR performance, with real-time examination (blinded for study group) of all items of a European Resuscitation Council endorsed checklist, and evaluation of a sample of videotaped CPR tests by a blinded event committee.Given the unique setting of a festival, the primary additional analysis will address the impact of alcohol levels on CPR quality parameters and overall performance. Follow-up questionnaires will evaluate the attitude towards performing CPR. This unique study may provide important insights into innovative CPR training methods, factors that impact CPR performance and the impact on long-term attitude towards resuscitation.Ethics and disseminationThis study received approval from the research ethics committee of the Radboudumc. All participants will provide written informed consent. The results of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at (inter)national conferences.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov registry (NCT04013633).

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Capacity Building Training for High School Students in Martapura, Banjar Regency

“…Rapid responses and early interventions have proven to be critical in the care of patients with OHCA. A key element in the "chain of survival," bystander CPR is one of the first possible treatments an OHCA victim may receive better long-term survival and health-related quality of life (Baldi et al, 2018;Doctor et al, 2017;Fazel et al, 2022;Nas et al, 2019).…”

“…This is arguably particularly important for physicians and health professionals, who are supported by recommendations in numerous reports. Such a program can only teach handheld/compression CPR, which is highly recommended by the AHA and reportedly associated with participants demonstrating greater willingness to perform CPR and higher survival rates (Ali et al, 2021;Cho & Kim, 2021;Han et al, 2021;Nas et al, 2019;Zheng et al, 2022). Martapura high school students previously did not have cardiopulmonary resuscitation skills.…”

“…Cases of a heart attack need to get treatment as soon as possible from medical personnel or trained first aiders to prevent death (K. Y. Chen et al, 2019;Mao et al, 2021;Nas et al, 2019). The general public is more likely to witness and even the first rescuers who have direct contact with the victim at the time of a heart attack (Ahmed et al, 2022;Cash et al, 2022;Doctor et al, 2017;Fazel et al, 2022).…”

“…The right help in handling emergency cases is basic life support. All levels of society should be taught about basic life support, especially for workers who are related (Fazel et al, 2022;Khan et al, 2022;Nas et al, 2019;Pietsch et al, 2020). Knowledge and understanding of various ways to handle basic emergencies is very important.…”

Interactive Teaching Aid Kit for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

“…As early as elementary school, students learn about CPR through videos, and through this teaching method, students gain an adequate understanding of the emergency procedure [6]. To enable the general public to apply CPR in a cardiac emergency, the digital learning methods for CPR are also becoming more and more diverse [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Some of the works are the technological solutions when teaching and practicing CPR technique [10][11][12][13][14][15], and some of the works are the medical applications of virtual reality topic [16][17][18][19][20].…”