Real-time monitoring of water and ice content in plant stem based on latent heat changes

Zhao, Yue; Tian, Hao; Han, Qi; Gu, Jiatao; Zhao, Yandong

doi:10.1016/j.agrformet.2021.108475

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Further, when a higher frequency is selected, the effect of the imaginary part in Equation (4) will be much larger than that of the real part, making

linearly correlated with

. The change in liquid water before and after the freezing of the branch can be established by measuring the change in impedance of the branch tissue [ 20 , 21 , 33 ], where the amount of change in liquid water corresponds to the amount of change in solid ice, allowing the volumetric ice content of the branch to be calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Xu et al used a TDR sensor to detect the ice content in larch and loblolly pine [ 19 ], and these results also demonstrated that the TDR sensor was able to monitor the ice content changes in plants over winter, in real-time. Sun et al observed seasonal changes in the stem water content of apple trees over winter using a plant stem water content sensor, and developed a freeze-thaw model to calculate the changing stem ice content [ 20 , 21 ]. Raschi et al proposed the use of ultrasound to detect freeze-thaw changes by analyzing the relationship between gas bursts associated with freezing in plants, and ultrasound emission [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Miniature Noninvasive Sensor Based on Impedance-Change Detection in Branches for Measuring Branch Ice Content in Overwintering Woody Plants

et al. 2023

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Advancements in detection instruments have enabled the real-time acquisition of water information during plant growth; however, the real-time monitoring of freeze–thaw information during plant overwintering remains a challenge. Based on the relationship between the change in the water–ice ratio and branch impedance during freezing, a miniature noninvasive branch volume ice content (BVIC) sensor was developed for monitoring real-time changes in volumetric ice content and the ice freeze-thaw rate of woody plant branches during the overwintering period. The results of the performance analysis of the impedance measurement circuit show that the circuit has a lateral sensitivity range, measurement range, resolution, measurement accuracy, and power consumption of 0–35 mm, 0–100%, 0.05%, ±1.76%, and 0.25 W, respectively. The dynamic response time was 0.296 s. The maximum allowable error by the output voltage fluctuation, owing to the ambient temperature and humidity, was only ±0.635%, which meets the actual use requirements. The calibration curve fit coefficients were >0.98, indicating a significant correlation. The ice content of plant branches under cold stress was measured for indoor and field environments, and the sensors could effectively monitor changes in the branch ice content in plants exposed to cold stress. Additionally, they can differentiate between plants with different cold resistances, indicating the reliability of the BVIC sensor.

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“…Further, when a higher frequency is selected, the effect of the imaginary part in Equation (4) will be much larger than that of the real part, making

linearly correlated with

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miniature Noninvasive Sensor Based on Impedance-Change Detection in Branches for Measuring Branch Ice Content in Overwintering Woody Plants

et al. 2023

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“…The water content of plant stems is a major index of the physiological activity of plant water, especially in precision agriculture [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. Methods for detecting stem water content include drying [ 4 ], gamma rays [ 5 ], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [ 6 , 7 , 8 ], X-ray computed tomography [ 9 ], resistance [ 10 ], time-domain reflectometry (TDR) [ 11 ], frequency-domain (FD) capacitance [ 12 , 13 , 14 ] and infrared detection [ 15 ]. Of the above methods, drying constitutes in vitro detection, which cannot detect the dynamic changes in the stem water content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The gamma-ray method and NMR method, two destructive detection methods, had high accuracy but were expensive and difficult to utilize for long-term detection. The infrared method could detect the liquid water and ice content of plant stems in situ, in real time with micro-destruction [ 15 ]. Recently, non-destructive online detection methods were explored based on the principle of the standing wave rate and frequency-domain capacitance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm

Gao

et al. 2022

Sensors

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The detection of water changes in plant stems by non-destructive online methods has become a hot spot in studying the physiological activity of plant water. In this paper, the ultrasonic radio-frequency echo (RFID) technique was used to detect water changes in stems. An algorithm (improved hybrid differential Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC)) was proposed to automatically compute the position of the primary ultrasonic echo of stems, which is the key parameter of water changes in stems. This method overcame the inaccurate location of the primary echo, which was caused by the anisotropic ultrasound propagation and heterogeneous stems. First of all, the improved algorithm was analyzed and its accuracy was verified by a set of simulated signals. Then, a set of cutting samples from stems were taken for ultrasonic detection in the process of water absorption. The correlation between the moisture content of stems and ultrasonic velocities was computed with the algorithm. It was found that the average correlation coefficient of the two parameters reached about 0.98. Finally, living sunflowers with different soil moistures were subjected to ultrasonic detection from 9:00 to 18:00 in situ. The results showed that the soil moisture and the primary ultrasonic echo position had a positive correlation, especially from 12:00 to 18:00; the average coefficient was 0.92. Meanwhile, our results showed that the ultrasonic detection of sunflower stems with different soil moistures was significantly distinct. Therefore, the improved AIC algorithm provided a method to effectively compute the primary echo position of limbs to help detect water changes in stems in situ.

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Study on the variation characteristics and influencing factors of stem water content of Acer truncatum during the overwintering period

Xu,

Zhao

2024

J Plant Res

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Stem water content is a pivotal parameter that characterizes the vitality of plants and maintains their internal water balance. Given the insu cient comprehension regarding the stem water content characteristics and its in uencing factors during different stages of the overwintering period, the study, focusing on Acer truncatum., developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based ecological information monitoring system. The system incorporated a proprietary stem water content sensor, allowing non-invasive, in-situ and real time acquisition of stem water content while monitoring diverse environmental parameters. We conducted a detailed elucidation of stem water content variation characteristics and its responses to diverse environmental factors. The results shouwed: (1) During the overwintering period, stem water content exhibited diurnal variations characterized by " daytime ascent and nighttime descent" across the three stages, exhibiting differences in the moment when the stem water content reaching extremal values and daily uctuations ranges. Stem water content exhibited minimal uctuations during deciduous and budbreaking stages but experienced signi cant freezing-thawing alternations during the dormant stage, leading to increased daily uctuation range. (2) Pearson correlation coe cients between environmental parameters and stem water content varied dynamically across stages. Path analysis revealed: during the deciduous stage, stem temperature and saturation vapor pressure de cit were dominant factors in uencing stem water content; during dormant stage, air temperature and saturation vapor pressure de cit directly impacted stem water content; during the bud-breaking stage, the primary parameters affecting stem water content were saturation vapor pressure de cit and stem temperature. The study provides valuable insights into unveiling the water transport patterns within tree stems tissue and their environmental adaptation mechanisms during the overwintering period, aiding in the scienti c development of winter management strategies to protect trees from severe cold and freezing damage, while fostering healthy growth in the subsequent year.

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Real-time monitoring of water and ice content in plant stem based on latent heat changes

Cited by 13 publications

References 21 publications

Miniature Noninvasive Sensor Based on Impedance-Change Detection in Branches for Measuring Branch Ice Content in Overwintering Woody Plants

Miniature Noninvasive Sensor Based on Impedance-Change Detection in Branches for Measuring Branch Ice Content in Overwintering Woody Plants

Detection of Water Changes in Plant Stems In Situ by the Primary Echo of Ultrasound RF with an Improved AIC Algorithm

Study on the variation characteristics and influencing factors of stem water content of Acer truncatum during the overwintering period

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