Real-Time PCR Detection of the Effects of Protozoa on Rumen Bacteria in Cattle

Ozutsumi, Yuhei; Tajima, Kiyoshi; Takénaka, Akio; Itabashi, Hideyuki

doi:10.1007/s00284-005-0266-9

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In the present study, we chose absolute quantification of 16S rDNA gene copies of each bacterial species to reflect the quantity of bacterial populations over a 24 h in vitro incubation. The 16S rDNA gene copy numbers derived in this study are comparable to values reported for ruminal rumen samples from sheep and cattle,29, 31 suggesting that the real‐time PCR assays employed in this study yielded representative assessments of the direct (i.e., PT actions on individual species) and indirect (i.e., interactions among species yielding alterations in defined metabolic groups, such as cellulolytic versus non‐cellulolytic) effects on rumen bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Despite its inability to differentiate live and dead bacteria, this real‐time PCR technique has been used by other researchers to measure rumen bacterial growth 29, 30. In the present study, we chose absolute quantification of 16S rDNA gene copies of each bacterial species to reflect the quantity of bacterial populations over a 24 h in vitro incubation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vitro effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on rumen bacterial populations and fermentation

2009

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BACKGROUND: Use of brown algae (seaweed) in ruminant diets is increasing, but the effects of its phlorotannins (PT) on rumen microbial ecology have not been determined. Mixed forage (50 : 25 : 25 ground barley silage-alfalfa hay-grass hay) was used as substrate in a batch culture ruminal incubation that included PT extracted from Ascophyllum nodosum, with and without polyethylene glycol. Principal ruminal bacteria were quantified using real-time polymerase chain reaction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on rumen bacterial populations and fermentation

2009

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“…In general, it is widely accepted that a decrease (or elimination) of rumen protozoa increases bacterial concentration, MN flow, and EMPS (Eugène et al, 2004b;Ozutsumi et al, 2006), either because the ecological niche is occupied by bacteria, or because of the predatory effect of protozoa. In general, it is widely accepted that a decrease (or elimination) of rumen protozoa increases bacterial concentration, MN flow, and EMPS (Eugène et al, 2004b;Ozutsumi et al, 2006), either because the ecological niche is occupied by bacteria, or because of the predatory effect of protozoa.…”

Section: Efficiency Of Microbial Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the effect of presence or absence of protozoa on rumen fermentation and microbial protein contribution to the chyme1

Belanche

Abecia²,

Holtrop

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of presence or absence of protozoa on rumen fermentation and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis under different diets. Of 20 twin paired lambs, 1 lamb of each pair was isolated from the ewe within 24 h after birth and reared in a protozoa-free environment (n = 10), whereas their respective twin-siblings remained with the ewe (faunated, n = 10). When lambs reached 6 mo of age, 5 animals of each group were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 experimental diets consisting of either alfalfa hay as the sole diet, or 50:50 mixed with ground barley grain according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. After 15 d of adaptation to the diet, the animals were euthanized and total rumen and abomasal contents were sampled to estimate rumen microbial synthesis using C(31) alkane as flow marker. Different ((15)N and purine bases) and a novel (recombinant DNA sequences) microbial markers, combined with several microbial reference extracts (rumen protozoa, liquid and solid associated bacteria) were evaluated. Absence of rumen protozoa modified the rumen fermentation pattern and decreased total tract OM and NDF digestibility in 2.0 and 5.1 percentage points, respectively. The effect of defaunation on microbial N flow was weak, however, and was dependent on the microbial marker and microbial reference extract considered. Faunated lambs fed with mixed diet showed the greatest rumen protozoal concentration and the least efficient microbial protein synthesis (29% less than the other treatments), whereas protozoa-free lambs fed with mixed diet presented the smallest ammonia concentration and 34% greater efficiency of N utilization than the other treatments. Although (15)N gave the most precise estimates of microbial synthesis, the use of recombinant DNA sequences represents an alternative that allows separate quantification of the bacteria and protozoa contributions. This marker showed that presence of protozoa decrease the bacterial-N flow through the abomasum by 33%, whereas the protozoa-N contribution to the microbial N flow increased from 1.9 to 14.1% when barley grain was added to the alfalfa hay. Absolute data related to intestinal flow must be treated with caution because the limitations of the sampling and maker system employed.

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“…Fibrobacter succinogenes , Ruminococcus albus , and Ruminococcus flavefaciens are presently recognized as the major cellulolytic bacterial species found in the rumen [5], [6]. The presence or absence of rumen ciliate protozoa is reported to be associated with changes in the composition of the bacterial population [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Feeding Palm Oil By-Products Based Diets on Total Bacteria, Cellulolytic Bacteria and Methanogenic Archaea in the Rumen of Goats

et al. 2014

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Rumen microorganisms are responsible for digestion and utilization of dietary feeds by host ruminants. Unconventional feed resources could be used as alternatives in tropical areas where feed resources are insufficient in terms of quality and quantity. The objective of the present experiment was to evaluate the effect of diets based on palm oil (PO), decanter cake (DC) or palm kernel cake (PKC) on rumen total bacteria, selected cellulolytic bacteria, and methanogenic archaea. Four diets: control diet (CD), decanter cake diet (DCD), palm kernel cake diet (PKCD) and CD plus 5% PO diet (CPOD) were fed to rumen cannulated goats and rumen samples were collected at the start of the experimental diets (day 0) and on days 4, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24 and 30 post dietary treatments. Feeding DCD and PKCD resulted in significantly higher (P<0.05) DNA copy number of total bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus flavefeciens, and Ruminococcus albus. Rumen methanogenic archaea was significantly lower (P<0.05) in goats fed PKCD and CPOD and the trend showed a severe reduction on days 4 and 6 post experimental diets. In conclusion, results indicated that feeding DCD and PKC increased the populations of cellulolytic bacteria and decreased the density of methanogenic archaea in the rumen of goats.

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Real-Time PCR Detection of the Effects of Protozoa on Rumen Bacteria in Cattle

Cited by 37 publications

References 17 publications

In vitro effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on rumen bacterial populations and fermentation

In vitro effects of phlorotannins from Ascophyllum nodosum (brown seaweed) on rumen bacterial populations and fermentation

Study of the effect of presence or absence of protozoa on rumen fermentation and microbial protein contribution to the chyme1

Effect of Feeding Palm Oil By-Products Based Diets on Total Bacteria, Cellulolytic Bacteria and Methanogenic Archaea in the Rumen of Goats

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