Rearrangement of mirror elements

Analog Integr Circ Sig Process

Sánchez–López

Martinez-Romero

et al. 2010

The pathological elements voltage mirror (VM) and current mirror (CM) have shown advantages in analog behavioral modeling and circuit synthesis, where many nullor-mirror equivalences have been explored to design and to transform voltage-mode circuits to current-mode ones and viceversa. However, both the VM and CM have not equivalents to perform automatic symbolic circuit analysis. In this manner, we introduce nullor-equivalents for these pathological elements allowing to include parasitics and to perform only symbolic nodal analysis. The nullor-equivalent of the CM is extended to provide multiple-outpus (MO-CM). Finally, two active filters containing VMs, CMs and MO-CMs are analysed to show the usefulness of the models.

Section: Vm and CM Nullor-equivalentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nullor-equivalent Of the Vmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Symbolic analysis of analog circuits containing voltage mirrors and current mirrors

Analog Integr Circ Sig Process

Sánchez–López

Martinez-Romero

et al. 2010

“…On the other hand, Os and Ps fail to represent the positive type second-generation CC (CCII+) and the inverting CC (ICC) [3]. Therefore, to derive the nullor representation of the CCII+ and ICC, the VM and the CM were introduced in [4,33,34].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VF, CF, VM and CM find applications in filtering [3,4,33,34], and single resistance controlled oscillators (SRCOs) [11,26]. The combination of a VF with CMs generates the CCII+, and it can be cascaded with a VF to design a current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA) [5,6].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Automatic Synthesis of VFs and VMs by Applying Genetic Algorithms

Circuits Syst Signal Process

Duarte-Villaseñor

Guerra-Gomez

2008

An automatic synthesis method is introduced to design voltage followers (VFs) and voltage mirrors (VMs) by performing evolutionary operations. It is shown that the nullor element is useful to introduce a new genetic representation to codify the behavior of the VF by a chromosome divided by four genes: small-signal (genSS), synthesis of the nullor by MOSFET (genSMos), bias (genBias), and synthesis of current mirrors (genCM). Further, it is shown that the behavior of the VM can be codified by evolving the chromosome of the VF. The proposed synthesis method uses SPICE to evaluate the fitness of the VF and VM. Finally, we show the synthesis of several VFs and VMs which are designed using standard CMOS technology of 0.35 µm. The applications and evolution of the VF and VM to synthesize more complex devices such as current conveyors (CCs) and inverting CCs are briefly discussed.

Symbolic analysis of (MO)(I)CCI(II)(III)‐based analog circuits

Sánchez–López

Moro-Frías

2010

Circuit Theory & Apps

SUMMARYNew nullor-based models are introduced to describe the behavior of the first generation current conveyor (CCI), second generation current conveyor (CCII), third generation current conveyor (CCIII), their inverting equivalents (ICCI(II)(III)), and/or their multiple output topologies (MO(I)CCI(II)(III)). These nullor equivalents include only grounded resistors to improve the formulation of equations in symbolic nodal analysis. In this manner, it is highlighted the usefulness of the proposed models to calculate analytical expressions in MO(I)CCI(II)(III)-based analog circuits.