Reassortant rotaviruses as potential live rotavirus vaccine candidates

Abstract

A series of reassortants was isolated from coinfection of cell cultures with a wild-type animal rotavirus and a "noncultivatable" human rotavirus. Wild-type bovine rotavirus (UK strain) was reassorted with human rotavirus strains D, DS-1, and P; wild-type rhesus rotavirus was reassorted with human rotavirus strains D and DS-1. The D, DS-1, and P strains represent human rotavirus serotypes 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Monospecific antiserum (to bovine rotavirus, NCDV strain) or a set of monoclonal antibodies to the major outer capsid neutralization glycoprotein, VP7 (of the rhesus rotavirus), was used to select for reassortants with human rotavirus neutralization specificity. This selection technique yielded many reassortants which received only the gene segment coding for the major neutralization protein from the human rotavirus parent, whereas the remaining genes were derived from the animal rotavirus parent. Single human rotavirus gene substitution reassortants of this sort represent potential live vaccine strains.

Rotavirus vaccination: a concise review

“…From ref. [17]. Greater efficacy against severe than mild rotavirus gastroenteritis Dose response: higher titre fi greater efficacy Efficacy better than humoral immune response Uptake enhanced by buffering against stomach acidity Uptake not (much) compromised by breast feeding Uptake interfered by oral poliovirus vaccine, particularly first dose of each No obvious side-effects (diarrhoea or fever)…”

“…Rhesus rotavirus alone did not show impressive protective efficacy in Finland [15] or the USA [16]. Subsequently RRV backbone was reassorted with human rotavirus VP7 proteins representing the G-types G1, G2 and G4 [17]. As RRV represented G-type 3 (although rhesus) the combination was called 'tetravalent', or RRV-TV vaccine.…”

Gastroenteritis in Suckling Mice Caused by Human Rotavirus Can Be Prevented with Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin (IgY) and Treated with a Protein‐Bound Polysaccharide Preparation (PSK)

“…The morbidity and mortality associated with diarrheal diseases in developing countries makes prevention and treatment of gastroenteritis an important goal (17). The appropriateness of active immunization for immunoprophylaxis against infection is the subject of intensive research (1,7,8,21,28). Nevertheless, because of problems arising from the practicability of actively immunizing infants, especially in chidren unable to mount an endogenous immune response and from the need to treat diarrheal disease in hospitalized infants, passive immunization and a thera-T. EBINA ET AL peutic approach also remain of major importance.…”

Ovine rotavirus strain LLR-85-based bovine rotavirus candidate vaccines: Construction, characterization and immunogenicity evaluation

“…Since monovalent rotavirus vaccine cannot completely protect against heterologous rotavirus infection (Feng et al, 1994), the multivalent rotavirus vaccine candidates are the most important research goal for the protective immunity of rotaviruses. In addition, the reassortant rotavirus vaccine approaches have been successfully employed to develop various human rotavirus candidate vaccines that include rhesus rotavirus based and bovine rotavirus based multivalent vaccines listed earlier (Hoshino et al, 2002(Hoshino et al, , 2003Midthun et al, 1985Midthun et al, , 1986. In this study, an ovine rotavirus strain LLR-85-based bovine rotavirus reassortant was constructed and combined with its parental virus LLR-85 as bivalent vaccine candidates for providing an attenuation phenotype of an ovine rotavirus in bovines and antigenic coverage of the main bovine rotavirus genotypes for G6 and G10.…”