Recent Advances on Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysis Mediated by Noble‐Metal‐Based Nanostructured Materials

Li, Yingjie; Sun, Yingjun; Qin, Yingnan; Zhang, Weiyu; Wang, Lei; Luo, Mingchuan; Yang, Huai; Guo, Shaojun

doi:10.1002/aenm.201903120

Cited by 691 publications

(426 citation statements)

References 143 publications

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“…[35] Higher Tafel slopes of ≈120 and ≈40 mV dec −1 indicate that the Volmer step (the formation of adsorbed H*) and the Heyrovsky step (the combination of an adsorbed H* with a proton in electrolyte), respectively, are the rate-determining steps. [36] In addition, comparative transition-state calculations of the activation energies of the different steps can offer a deeper understanding of the reaction pathway(s) leading to HER. In alkaline HER, the water dissociation barrier is another major factor affecting the overall reaction rate.…”

Section: Reaction Mechanism At Her Active Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Site Engineering in Porous Electrocatalysts

et al. 2020

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between electrical and chemical energy to store off-peak electricity produced from these resources. The opportunities relate to the fact that electrocatalytic reactions can be employed to convert these excess and off-peak electricity into chemical bonds in molecules. A fascinating prospect is the utilization of renewable electricity for the conversion of abundant resources such as H 2 O, N 2 , and CO 2 into synthetic fuels such as hydrogen, ammonia, hydrocarbons, and alcohols under ambient conditions (Figure 1). Through the reverse processes, clean electricity can be generated from the products, for example, via hydrogen-, ammonia-, or alcohol-powered fuel cells, ultimately resulting in a closed water cycle, nitrogen cycle, or carbon cycle. Hydrogen production via electrocatalytic water splitting, which may enable the hydrogen economy, is a notable example to these. [2] At present, the annual hydrogen production worldwide exceeds more than 65 million tons, mainly for industrial uses such as petroleum refining and ammonia synthesis. Unfortunately, most of the hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels through steam methane reforming and coal gasification and is accompanied by large emission of the greenhouse gas CO 2. Producing hydrogen from water using renewable electricity provides a green and sustainable pathway for future hydrogen energy cycle. In a similar vein, renewable energy-powered electrocatalysis of CO 2 and N 2 reduction produces high-value fuels or fine chemicals such as formic acid (HCOOH), carbon monoxide (CO), methanol (CH 3 OH), and ammonia (NH 3) under ambient conditions. [3] The use of these renewable fuels (e.g., hydrogen and alcohols), instead of petroleum-based fuels, for transportation applications is receiving unprecedented attention because the former are more environmentally friendly and sustainable. Fuel cell technologies based on these fuels can reliably supply electrical energy and are, thus, highly desired for running emerging electric vehicles. [4] To realize the water cycle, carbon cycle, and nitrogen cycle described above, the central reactions are the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), and the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), as well as the oxygenrelated reactions, including the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), which are important half reactions in electrolyzers and fuel cells, respectively. In these energy conversion processes, electrocatalysts are indispensable. The desired electrocatalysts should both Electrocatalysis is at the center of many sustainable energy conversion technologies that are being developed to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. The past decade has witnessed significant progresses in the exploitation of advanced electrocatalysts for diverse electrochemical reactions involved in electrolyzers and fuel cells, such as the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR), the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR), and the oxyge...

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Section: Reaction Mechanism At Her Active Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active Site Engineering in Porous Electrocatalysts

et al. 2020

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“…[1][2][3][4] Thew ater splitting reaction, composed of the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) at the cathodea nd oxygen evolution reaction( OER) at the anode, is at hermodynamically uphill process with high overpotentials. [5][6][7][8] To this end, highly effective electrocatalysts are required to accelerate the reactionk inetics of the HER andO ER. One promising strategy in the developmento fh ighly effective electrocatalysts is to integrate the merits of both HER and OER electrocatalysts to construct HER-OER bifunctional electrocatalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two‐Dimensional NiIr@N‐Doped Carbon Nanocomposites Supported on Ni Foam for Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting

Chai

Liu

et al. 2020

Chemistry A European J

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Electrochemical water splitting can providea promising avenue for sustainable hydrogen production. Highly efficient electrocatalysts toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction(OER) are extremely important for the practical application of water splitting technology.H erein, ao ne-step annealing strategyi s reported for the fabrication of am etal-organic frameworkderived bifunctionals elf-supportede lectrocatalyst, whichi s composed of two-dimensional N-doped carbon-wrapped Irdoped Ni nanoparticle composites supported on Ni foam

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“…Electrochemical water splitting, consisting of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), demonstrates great potential to support the storage of renewable electricity in the form of hydrogen fuel. [1] Up to now, the most efficient water splitting cell comprises RuO 2 (state-of-art OER catalyst) and Pt/C (benchmark HER catalyst), [2] but the applications are limited by their high cost and single functionality. Hence, it is urgent to design and synthesize low-cost, the electron transport and eliminate the formation of Schottky barriers at the catalyst interfaces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplanar Growth of 2D Non‐Van der Waals Co₂N‐Based Heterostructures for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

Jiang

Yan

Zhou

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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The highly efficient water splitting is characterized by low overpotential, low Tafel slope, and long cyclability for both OER and HER, where OER is the bottleneck. In order to lower the energy barrier of four-electron transfer OER process (4OH-↔ 2H 2 O + O 2 + 4e-), the major challenge is to fabricate the catalyst that could form the optimized oxygen binding with intermediate adsorbates, which should be neither too strong nor too week to balance the energetics of the processes between the deprotonation of OH* and the formation of OOH*. [4] Interestingly, heterostructured materials can adjust the formation energy of this oxygen binding, and as such, improve the water splitting performance. [1b,5] Among these materials, 2D heterostructures have attracted great attention recently, [6] e.g., 2D-MoS 2 / Co(OH) 2 , [7] MoS 2 /WS 2 , [8] and MoS 2 /CoNC, [9] because of the extensive exposure of the heterostructured and active regions. Furthermore, fast electron transfer is another key factor that can reduce the overpotential and Tafel slope. [10] In this sense, the homogenous distribution of active sites on 2D conductive nanosheets is also a promising design, e.g., 2D NiS/graphene. [11] However, prior studies only dealt with 2D heterostructures comprising van der Waals (vdW) nanosheets (e.g., MoS 2 , graphene, etc.) as the support for the second materials in water splitting. [5] vdW solids are normally featured with layered structures bonded through relatively weak vdW interactions, and hence their exfoliation to be nanosheets is readily achievable. [5] One drawback of using heterostructures comprising vdW nanosheets in water splitting is that the electron transport can be suppressed across the vdW gap. [12] Another drawback is that their attachment to the current collector is neither conductive nor stable enough for the sustainable improvement of electrocatalytic performance. These obstacles urge us to search for the solutions from 2D heterostructures consisting of non-vdW nanosheets that may bridge active materials and current collectors strongly and conductively. To achieve this construction, a typical non-vdW solid, Co 2 N, attracts our attention, due to its unique metal characteristics with zero band gap that significantly facilitate The design and synthesis of 2D heterostructured materials for water splitting are normally based on van der Waals (vdW) nanosheets, but this approach is gradually approaching a performance ceiling in terms of activity and stability. Herein, a novel heterostructured system is explored based on 2D non-vdW and conductive nanosheets. Notably, the interplanar growth of 2D non-vdW Co 2 N nanosheets is realized between graphene layers in the current collector of carbon fiber papers (CPs), generating an interlocking structure within CPs. The exposed surface of Co 2 N nanosheets possesses a high surface energy that anchors highly active CoNC, forming 2D CoNC@Co 2 N heterostructures outside CPs. This integrated electrocatalytic system bridged by non-vdW Co 2 N nanosheets presents a low overpote...

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Recent Advances on Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysis Mediated by Noble‐Metal‐Based Nanostructured Materials

Cited by 691 publications

References 143 publications

Active Site Engineering in Porous Electrocatalysts

Active Site Engineering in Porous Electrocatalysts

Two‐Dimensional NiIr@N‐Doped Carbon Nanocomposites Supported on Ni Foam for Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting

Interplanar Growth of 2D Non‐Van der Waals Co₂N‐Based Heterostructures for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

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Recent Advances on Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysis Mediated by Noble‐Metal‐Based Nanostructured Materials

Cited by 691 publications

References 143 publications

Active Site Engineering in Porous Electrocatalysts

Active Site Engineering in Porous Electrocatalysts

Two‐Dimensional NiIr@N‐Doped Carbon Nanocomposites Supported on Ni Foam for Electrocatalytic Overall Water Splitting

Interplanar Growth of 2D Non‐Van der Waals Co2N‐Based Heterostructures for Efficient Overall Water Splitting

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Interplanar Growth of 2D Non‐Van der Waals Co₂N‐Based Heterostructures for Efficient Overall Water Splitting