Recent insights into the impact of immune dysfunction on reproduction in autoimmune thyroiditis

Zhu, Qi; Xu, Qian-Han; Xie, Ting; Wang, Liling; Liu, Hong; Muyayalo, Kahindo P; Huang, Xiao-Bo; Zhao, Sijia; Liao, Aihua

doi:10.1016/j.clim.2020.108663

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In searching a thyroid function independent pathogenic role of TAI in reproductive failure, several studies have been dedicated to potential immune-dependent direct effect on the ovary, on the endometrium, and on the feto-maternal unit. The findings are interesting but merely speculative and need confirmation (15). There remain unanswered questions on the relationship between TAI and reproductive outcome; several fields of research are open (11,16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome

et al. 2022

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The regulation of the female reproductive system is one of the most relevant actions of thyroid hormones. Adequate thyroid hormones production is essential for normal menstrual function and fertility as well as for the successful maintenance of pregnancy. The relationship between reproductive failure and thyroid disorders is particularly relevant and attracts attention worldwide. Thyroid autoimmunity (TAI), defined by the presence of circulating antithyroid antibodies targeting thyroid peroxidase (TPOAb) and thyroglobulin (TgAb), is prevalent among women of reproductive age and is the most frequent cause of thyroid dysfunction. Several studies addressed the association between TAI, thyroid function, and fertility as well as pregnancy outcome after spontaneous or assisted conception. Infertility, miscarriages, and fetal-maternal complications are described in overt autoimmune hypothyroidism. More debatable is the role of mild thyroid dysfunction, mainly subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), and TAI in the absence of thyroid dysfunction in infertility and reproductive outcome. Assisted reproductive technology (ART) has become an integral element of care for infertility. Women with TAI undergoing ART are of particular interest since they carry a higher risk of developing hypothyroidism after the ovarian stimulation but whether TAI, in absence of thyroid dysfunction, adversely affects ART outcome is still controversial. Likewise, the role of levothyroxine (LT4) in improving fertility and the success of ART in euthyroid women with TAI is unclear. This review discusses the role of TAI, in the absence of thyroid dysfunction, in infertility and in ART outcome.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome

et al. 2022

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“…56 Infertility among patients with AIG may also be a manifestation of hypothyroidism or other autoimmune diseases commonly associated with AIG; practitioners should take care to replete B12 and investigate other potential etiologies. 57…”

Section: Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune gastritis, with or without pernicious anemia: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical management

Rustgi

Bijlani

Shah

2021

Therap Adv Gastroenterol

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Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a chronic immune-mediated, inflammatory condition that involves the destruction of the gastric oxyntic mucosa through the autoimmune-mediated loss of parietal cells, with replacement by atrophic and metaplastic tissue. Diagnosing AIG is important, given the need for ongoing clinical management and vigilance with respect to downstream complications, the most serious of which is gastric adenocarcinoma. Other clinical consequences include gastric neuroendocrine tumors, consequences related to decreased gastric acid and decreased intrinsic factor due to parietal cell destruction and antibodies against intrinsic factor (e.g. micronutrient deficiencies), as well as concomitant autoimmune disorders. Considering the prevalence of AIG and the potential for severe clinical outcomes, it is important to engage in efforts to reduce practice pattern variability related to diagnosis and management. Accordingly, herein, we review of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation of AIG, including both gastric and extragastric manifestations, and provide an overview of clinical management.

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“…[130][131][132][133][134] The incidence of miscarriage and adverse pregnancy in patients with SLE, autoimmune thyroiditis and myasthenia gravis is much higher than that in normal pregnant women. [135][136][137][138] Similarly, the rate of early and third trimester miscarriage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was also slightly higher than that in normal pregnant women. 131,139 Immune tolerance of the half-allogeneic fetus needs to be established during pregnancy, and effective immune defences must be maintained.…”

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thymus disease is often associated with the occurrence of autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune thyroiditis, myasthenia gravis (MG) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 130‐134 . The incidence of miscarriage and adverse pregnancy in patients with SLE, autoimmune thyroiditis and myasthenia gravis is much higher than that in normal pregnant women 135‐138 . Similarly, the rate of early and third trimester miscarriage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was also slightly higher than that in normal pregnant women 131,139 .…”

Section: Ttreg and Human Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of thymic T regulatory cell differentiation by TECs in health and disease

2021

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The thymus produces self-limiting and self-tolerant T cells through the interaction between thymocytes and thymus epithelial cells (TECs), thereby generating central immune tolerance. The TECs are composed of cortical and medullary thymic epithelial cells, which regulate the positive and negative selection of T cells, respectively.How to cite this article: Tao Z, Jiang Y, Xia S. Regulation of thymic T regulatory cell differentiation by TECs in health and disease.

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Recent insights into the impact of immune dysfunction on reproduction in autoimmune thyroiditis

Cited by 15 publications

References 99 publications

Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome

Thyroid Autoimmunity in Female Infertility and Assisted Reproductive Technology Outcome

Autoimmune gastritis, with or without pernicious anemia: epidemiology, risk factors, and clinical management

Regulation of thymic T regulatory cell differentiation by TECs in health and disease

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