Receptor specific crosstalk and modulation of signaling upon heterodimerization between β1-adrenergic receptor and somatostatin receptor-5

Cross-talk and modulation of signaling between somatostatin and growth factor receptors

“…With respect to the formation of SSTR2 and D2R heterodimers, dopamine affinity was increased and SSTR2 functions remained unchanged [35]. Furthermore, recent studies have also described that SSTR1 and SSTR5 functionally interact with adrenergic and growth factor receptors with significant changes in receptor coupling to adenylyl cyclase and signaling in receptor specific manner [39][40][41][42][43]. Whether, the activation of two receptors in the presence of receptor-specific agonist also elicit similar effects in cells expressing these receptor endogenously is largely elusive.…”

“…SSTRs also physically interact with other members of GPCR family for example opioid, dopamine, and b-adrenergic receptors [35,37,38,40]. Activation of SSTR2 in cells coexpressing SSTR2 and l-opioid receptor resulted in increased receptor phosphorylation, desensitization, and endocytosis of both receptors.…”

“…SSTR subtypes not only heterodimerize within the family but does so with other members of GPCR family like dopamine, opioid, adrenergic, and growth factor receptors [28,30,31,[34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. In addition to displaying receptorspecific dimerization, SSTR subtypes have shown great diversity upon heterodimerization as well.…”

G-Protein Coupled Receptors Dimerization: Diversity in Somatostatin Receptors Subtypes

“…The possibility of functional crosstalk between SSTRs and ORs or/and adrenergic receptors may provide some pathophysiological significance in pain and heart failure respectively [124][125][126]. Recent studies from author laboratory describing that SSTRs functionally interact with EGFR and modulate tumors promoting signaling pathways are of great importance to understand the pathological significance of inverse relation of these two receptor proteins in tumor biology [54][55][56].…”

“…Although, studies have described the pharmacological and physiological significance of SSTRs, however the role of SSTR subtypes in pathological conditions still remains elusive. SSTR subtypes not only interact as heterodimers with other closely related receptors including DR, AR and OR subtypes but also constitute functionally active complex with distantly related receptor protein such as NMDA receptors of ionotropic and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFRs) of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) families and govern many clinical implications [54,55,63,[124][125][126]. If not all, most of the GPCR functions as homo-or heterodimers and the process of heterodimerization may enhance the existing functions of the native receptor.…”