Recombinants from the crosses between amphidiploid and cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea) for pest-resistance breeding programs

Abstract

Peanut is a major oilseed crop worldwide. In the Brazilian peanut production, silvering thrips and red necked peanut worm are the most threatening pests. Resistant varieties are considered an alternative to pest control. Many wild diploid Arachis species have shown resistance to these pests, and these can be used in peanut breeding by obtaining hybrid of A and B genomes and subsequent polyploidization with colchicine, resulting in an AABB amphidiploid. This amphidiploid can be crossed with cultivated peanut (AABB) to provide genes of interest to the cultivar. In this study, the sterile diploid hybrids from A. magna V 13751 and A. kempff-mercadoi V 13250 were treated with colchicine for polyploidization, and the amphidiploids were crossed with A. hypogaea cv. IAC OL 4 to initiate the introgression of the wild genes into the cultivated peanut. The confirmation of the hybridity of the progenies was obtained by: (1) reproductive characterization through viability of pollen, (2) molecular characterization using microsatellite markers and (3) morphological characterization using 61 morphological traits with principal component analysis. The diploid hybrid individual was polyploidized, generating the amphidiploid An 13 (A. magna V 13751 x A. kempff-mercadoi V 13250)4x. Four F1 hybrid plants were obtained from IAC OL 4 × An 13, and 51 F2 seeds were obtained from these F1 plants. Using reproductive, molecular and morphological characterizations, it was possible to distinguish hybrid plants from selfed plants. In the cross between A. hypogaea and the amphidiploid, as the two parents are polyploid, the hybrid progeny and selves had the viability of the pollen grains as high as the parents. This fact turns the use of reproductive characteristics impossible for discriminating, in this case, the hybrid individuals from selfing. The hybrids between A. hypogaea and An 13 will be used in breeding programs seeking pest resistance, being subjected to successive backcrosses until recovering all traits of interest of A. hypogaea, keeping the pest resistance.

Transference of multiple resistance to peanut through the development of cross-compatible complex hybrids of wild Arachis

“…Concerning the morphological characterization of the germplasm here analyzed, our data demonstrated that the first two principal components explained a high percentage (> 80%) of the total variance, and that nine characters standout as important in the phenotypic discrimination. This is in complete accordance with previously published results using simple amphidiploids (Fávero et al, 2015;Paula et al, 2017). The fact that the hybrids were morphologically more similar to the amphidiploid progenitors than to the parent A. hypogaea (except for the hybrid IAC 503 x (A. gregoryi V 6389 x A. stenosperma V 12488) 4x ) evidenced a high percentage of wild alleles in the progenies, supporting a significant broadening of the peanut gene pool to be used for breeding.…”

Assessment of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Genotypes in Terms of Some Nutritional and Antioxidant Parameters

“…Peanut, as a multipurpose oilseed, is the fifth major source of plant oil worldwide [22]. The present study is pointed out that the crude oil contents of our seeds were in acceptable ranges that mentioned previously by Gulluoglu et al [4] and Ayoola et al [23].…”

Response of Midgut Trypsin- and Chymotrypsin-Like Proteases of Helicoverpa armigera Larvae Upon Feeding With Peanut BBI: Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of PnBBI

“…In general, the PIs bind firmly and irreversibly to the active site of digestive enzymes and attenuate their activity, which in turn impair the protein turnover in various metabolic processes, eventually limits their growth and development (Zhu-Salzman and Zeng, 2015). Also, the resistance mediated by PIs from wild-relatives or non-host or hybrid plants is more advantageous than host-plant resistance, due to inexposure of pest midgut proteases to PIs from such plants (Parde et al, 2010;Pandey et al, 2014;Swathi et al, 2016;de Paula et al, 2017).…”

“…The cultivated varieties of peanut are tetraploid and known to have inadequate levels of resistance to several biotic and abiotic constraints. In contrast, the closely related wild relatives of peanut are diploid and possessed several useful disease/pest resistant traits (Holbrook and Stalker, 2003;de Paula et al, 2017). The genetic barrier of "diploid vs tetraploid" prohibited the gene flow from wild-relatives to cultivars and thereby resulted in a narrow genetic base of peanut (Stalker, 2017).…”