Reconstrução racional da concepção popperiana de ciência - o racionalismo crítico como um termo médio entre o dogmatismo e o relativismo

From Kant to Popper: Reason and Critical Rationalism in Organization Studies

“…One of Kant's great legacies was the possibility of approaching cognition from an idealistic standpoint, strictly based on a priori knowledge, negative reason and the ability to revise knowledge. Sir Karl Raimund Popper (1902Popper ( -1994 was one of the great heirs of Kant's critical thinking, and his ideas originated the philosophy of critical rationalism as we know it today (Chiappin, 2008;Ferrarin, 2016). In the penultimate section of this article, we will explore critical rationalism as a democratic attitude, marked by intellectual autonomy and modesty, as well as a necessary research approach to contemporary organizational studies -whose corpus is characterized by the large-scale production of justificationist studies (Thomas, 2010).…”

“…The author starts from the Kantian assumptions that cognition of the truth is unreachable, and that no induction is genuine; in this sense, he emphasizes the idea that pure observation, in which the researcher's mind must be free of assumptions and hypotheses, is but a philosophical myth. Therefore, all observation is made in the light of a theory, as this would be the only possible way to make inferences (Chiappin, 2008;Popper, 1934Popper, /2005. Thus, "every observation is always guided by theoretical, conscious or unconscious expectations.…”

“…In positing this kind of statement, I assume, as a researcher, an anti-authoritarian stance on what organizations are, and in no way do I impose my perspective on others by confirming it by subjecting the data to tests and experiments (Thomas, 2010). Empirical data, therefore, can never be used to confirm theories, but only to refute them, since there is no validity in induction (Chiappin, 2008;Galván, 2016). This view brings true inspiration to skeptical, humble, and democratic conduct by researchers, as it conditions them to be less pretentious in their claims, and more focused on their rational duty to challenge and provoke thought towards its cognizable limits.…”

“…What the Popperian view does is engender a separate moment from the moment when knowledge is actually constituted -a closed, juxtaposed moment in which all empirically obtained knowledge is put to the test of logic. What is sought is the conclusive verification of generated knowledge (Chiappin, 2008;Galván, 2016). Table 1 provides a synthesis of potential objects of critical analysis, considering the premises hitherto analyzed.…”

Uma reconstrução racional do programa de pesquisa do racionalismo neoclássico: os subprogramas do convencionalismo/pragmatismo (Poincaré) e do realismo estrutural convergente (Duhem)

“…Em síntese, o programa racionalista defi ne que a racionalidade é um processo de tomada de decisões conduzido por meio de um método como um conjunto de regras e critérios. O programa racionalista criterial pode ser decomposto em três subprogramas: racionalista clássico (CHIAPPIN, 1996;, neoclássico e crítico (CHIAPPIN, 2008). O programa racionalista envolve também três modelos de escolha racional como ideia nuclear: o modelo de escolha com certeza, o modelo de escolha com incerteza objetiva e o modelo de escolha com incerteza subjetiva (CHIAPPIN, 1996).…”