Reduction of HCl Emissions from Combustion of Biomass by Alkali Carbonate Sorbents or by Thermal Pretreatment

Ren, Xiaohan; Rokni, Emad; Liu, Yu; Levendis, Yiannis A.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000561

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The heating value of straw ranges from 14.3 to 15.2 MJ/kg. In terms of energy, 1.5 Mg of straw are equivalent to about one Mg of coal [14][15][16]. The mass of straw that can be combusted as a solid biofuel in the energy sector is equal to a calorific value of approx.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

et al. 2020

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This publication presents research work which contains the optimum parameters of the agri-biomass: maize and oat straws torrefaction process. Parameters which are the most important for the torrefaction process and its products are temperature and residence time. Thermogravimetric analysis was performed as well as the torrefaction process using an electrical furnace on a laboratory scale at a temperature between 250-525 • C. These biomass torrefaction process parameters-residence time and temperature-were necessary to perform the design and construction of semi-pilot scale biomass torrefaction installations with a regimental dryer and a woody and agri-biomass regimental torrefaction reactor to perform a continuous torrefaction process using superheated steam. In the design installation the authors also focused on biochar, a bi-product of biofuel which will be used as an additive for natural bio-fertilizers. Kinetic analysis of torrefaction process using maize and oat straws was performed using NETZSCH Neo Kinetics software. It was found that kinetic analysis methods conducted with multiple heating rate experiments were much more efficient than the use of a single heating rate. The best representations of the experimental data for the straw from maize straw were found for the n-order reaction model. A thermogravimetric analysis, TG-MS analysis and VOC analysis combined with electrical furnace installation were performed on the maize and oat straw torrefaction process. The new approach in the work presented is different from that of current scientific achievements due to the fact that until now researchers have worked on performing processes on oat and maize straws by means of the torrefaction process for the production of a biochar as an additive for natural bio-fertilizers. None of them looked for economically reasonable mass loss ratios. In this work the authors made the assumption that a mass loss in the area of 45-50% is the most reasonable loss for the two mentioned agri-biomass processes. On this basis, a semi-pilot installation could be produced in a further BIOCARBON project step. The kinetic parameters which were calculated will be used to estimate the size of the apparatuses, the biomass dryer, and biomass torrefaction reactor.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

et al. 2020

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“…The corrosion problems related to biomass and waste-fired boilers have been reported to be mainly caused by Cl (Ref [7][8][9][10][11]. There are three corrosion mechanisms concerning the effect of Cl which are addressed in this review, including (…”

Section: Cl-induced Corrosionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Advances in Corrosion-Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings for Renewable Energy Power Plants: Part II—Effect of Environment and Outlook

2019

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High-temperature corrosion of critical components such as water walls and superheater tubes in biomass/ waste-fired boilers is a major challenge. A dense and defect-free thermal spray coating has been shown to be promising to achieve a high electrical/thermal efficiency in power plants. The field of thermal spraying and quality of coatings have been progressively evolving; therefore, a critical assessment of our understanding of the efficacy of coatings in increasingly aggressive operating environments of the power plants can be highly educative. The effects of composition and microstructure on high-temperature corrosion behavior of the coatings were discussed in the first part of the review. The present paper that is the second part of the review covers the emerging research field of performance assessment of thermal spray coatings in harsh corrosion-prone environments and provides a comprehensive overview of the underlying high-temperature corrosion mechanisms that lead to the damage of exposed coatings. The application of contemporary analytical methods for better understanding of the behavior of corrosion-resistant coatings is also discussed. A discussion based on an exhaustive review of the literature provides an unbiased commentary on the advanced accomplishments and some outstanding issues in the field that warrant further research. An assessment of the current status of the field, the gaps in the scientific understanding, and the research needs for the expansion of thermal spray coatings for high-temperature corrosion applications is also provided.

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“…HCl have an inhibiting effect on biomass burning and CO → CO2 oxidation [13]. HCl can easily be removed from the flue gas by a scrubbing process [13], or using an alkalinecarbonate sorbent [14], therefore, it belongs to the desired products containing chlorine. The following chlorides are also present in the flue gas: KCl, NaCl, RbCl, as dimers K2Cl2 and Na2Cl2.…”

Section: Speciation Of Minor Inorganic Gaseous Species Calculated At mentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation of inorganic gaseous species and condensed phases during coconut husk combustion based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations

Jerzak

Kuźnia

2019

E3S Web Conf.

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Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to predict coconut husks (CH) combustion products have been carried out in this work. The selected type of biomass belongs to problematic fuels due to the fibrous structure preventing its grinding, and high chlorine content. The calculations results showed, that the combustion temperature for the tested range of 600-1000°C clearly affects the concentrations of chlorine species in the flue gas. When the temperature was below 820°C, the highest concentration had HCl(g), and above 820°C KCl(g). The chlorine was also present in ash, as KCl-NaCl-RbCl solid solution, when the combustion temperature T <700°C, and KCl-NaCl-K2SO4-Na2SO4 liquid solution, when 600 <T <960 °C. High content of chlorine in ash from CH combustion at T = 650°C has been confirmed experimentally. Speciations of inorganic gaseous species and condensed phases we investigated also during flue gas cooling from 1000 to 400°C. Major condensed phase composition were dominated by alkali metal salts in both solid and liquid phase states. Finally, we presented sixteen eutectic points for different binary systems calculated in the FactSage software.

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Reduction of HCl Emissions from Combustion of Biomass by Alkali Carbonate Sorbents or by Thermal Pretreatment

Cited by 23 publications

References 52 publications

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

Torrefaction of Straw from Oats and Maize for Use as a Fuel and Additive to Organic Fertilizers—TGA Analysis, Kinetics as Products for Agricultural Purposes

Advances in Corrosion-Resistant Thermal Spray Coatings for Renewable Energy Power Plants: Part II—Effect of Environment and Outlook

Speciation of inorganic gaseous species and condensed phases during coconut husk combustion based on thermodynamic equilibrium calculations

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