Regeneration of immature and mature embryos from diverse sets of wheat genotypes using media containing different auxins

Abstract

The effect of explant type (immature vs. mature embryos) and two auxin types (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid vs. Dicamba) on the callogenesis and plant regeneration ability of 26 wheat cultivars was studied. In general, the callus induction, plant regeneration and shoot formation frequencies were higher in mature embryo-derived cultures as compared to immature ones on media originally developed for mature wheat embryo cultures. In both culture types, the auxin Dicamba was found to be more efficient, especially when mature embryos were cultured. The separation of means using Duncan’s multiple range test revealed the best in vitro response, in terms of the frequency of callus regeneration, in the cultivar Astella for both immature and mature embryo cultures. This cultivar gave very promising results, suggesting that it could be used in the future for further tissue culture investigations and as a donor material for genetic transformation experiments in wheat. Correlation analyses revealed significant similarities between the evaluated parameters within each group (immature and mature embryo-derived cultures). However, there were no significant correlations between these two groups for most of the parameters. This suggests that the mechanism of plant regeneration in the two in vitro regeneration systems (mature vs. immature embryo culture) may be different enough to hamper the development of an optimal plant regeneration protocol for use in both systems.

Regeneration of Plant through Embryo Culture from Promising Maize (Zea mays L.) Inbred Lines

“…different nutrient media with different growth regulators in cereals [13]. Murín., et al [14] reported that immature embryo culture produced lower frequencies than mature embryo culture. But immature embryo culture could reduce the breeding cycle and embryo abortion during seed development in crop plants.…”

The Choice of Suitable Conditions for Wheat Genetic Transformation

“…For this reason, many cultivated genotypes are tested. The wide range of the ability of callogenesis (6.2-100%) by wheat genotypes was described by Murín et al (2012). Similarly, Shah et al (2009) nese genotypes with the result 10-100% of callus formation.…”

“…The explants from growth chamber conditions regenera-ted better. The dependence between wheat regeneration and the growth conditions of the explant donor plants was described also by Pastori et al (2001). In addition, a variety of regeneration rates are shown by the same genotype under the same culture conditions at different times (Wang et al 2014).…”

“…The regeneration ranged from 3.5 to 31% in Chinese cultivars (Zhang et al 2015). Murín et al (2012) evaluated 23 cultivars with the result from none to 20% recovery, The upper limit was shifted to 37.5% by Dicamba supplementation. The efficiency varied up to 0.9 shoots.…”

“…The best regeneration capacity is proved by immature embryos and they are the most frequently used type of explant (Tamás et al 2004). Also, a strong dependence on the growth conditions of the explant donor plants was described (Pastori et al 2001;Wang et al 2014). In an effort to ensure efficient regeneration, different culture media, individual components and growth regulators were tested.…”