Rehabilitación de un suelo salino con yeso agrícola en un cultivo de nogal en el Valle del Yaqui

Abstract

Pecans are cultivated extensively in the Yaqui Valley, Sonora. These soils often have problems of salinity and high concentrations of exchangeable sodium, which cause a decline in pecan productivity. At the end of the season of irrigation with water from the system of reservoirs on the Yaqui River, groundwater is generally used from May to August. This can result in salt accumulation in the soil when water is of poor quality. Gypsum has been used as an amendment to rehabilitate soil by improving its physical and chemical properties. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gypsum application to a saline soil of a pecan orchard in the Yaqui Valley. Rehabilitation was carried out for two consecutive years. In the first year a dose of 5 and 10 Mg ha‑1 was applied, while in the second year 2 Mg ha‑1 of gypsum was used. Two ridge washings were done after each aplication. The physico-chemical analyses of the soil were conducted following NOM-021-RECNAT-2000 during three years prior to and after the applications of amedment. Once the amendement was applied, the values of electrical conductivity decreased from 12.41 to 6.29 dS m-1, percentage of exchangeable sodium from 12.48 to 5.57 and sodium adsorption ratio from 10.54 to 4.88 at the depth of 0-30 cm. The use of agricultural gypsum and washing in a saline soil of the pecan orchard improved soil chemical properties using 5 and 10 Mg ha-1.

Fertilización biológica, orgánica y mineral reducida en soya (Glycine max L.)

“…En los tratamientos que llevaron triple combinación de componentes, no tuvieron un efecto aditivo en los resultados. Trasviña et al (2018) reportan que el yeso agrícola a dosis de 5 y 10 Mg ha -1 en suelos con un pH (7.5) y CE (12.4 dS m -1 ), el pH aumenta después de la aplicación, disminuye los valores de la conductividad eléctrica, la relación de absorción de sodio y porcentaje de sodio intercambiable. En este experimento, el tratamiento 4 (HMA Biogea+yeso+50% FQ), fue aplicado asumiendo, que el yeso agrícola podría favorecer la absorción de los micronutrientes y el crecimiento radical del cultivo, en combinación con el HMA.…”

Causes, Effects, and Management of Salinity Problems in Pecan Production in North Mexico

“…Saline soils have a reduced water potential and can cause an excessive absorption of ions, mainly Na and Cl, which results in nutritional imbalances and interferes with various metabolic processes (Trasviña- Barriga et al 2018). Saline stress causes adverse effects on proline accumulation, the activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), the concentration of photo synthetic pigments, and other factors that influence the growth, development, and productivity of plants (Meguekam et al 2014).…”

“…The use of saline water for crop irrigation and inadequate soil management cause a progressive deterioration of the soil and decrease in production and crop quality (Follet et al 2005). Most crops in Mexico are sensitive to salinity, and when crops are cultivated on saline soils, the production may be severely reduced (Trasviña-Barriga et al 2018). All regions in Mexico where pecans are grown (Fig.…”

Valoración económica de dos prácticas de desalinización: caso de estudio Villamar-Michoacán, México

“…Para determinar el costo del yeso agrícola se consideraron cuatro aspectos: 1) el costo de la preparación previa del suelo, que incluye el uso de maquinaria agrícola y los accesorios requeridos para su implementación (i.e arado de reja reversible, rastra de discos); 2) el costo de la nivelación del terreno, que incluye el uso de maquinaria agrícola y accesorios especializados para su realización; 3) el costo del manejo agronómico, que incluye la renta de infraestructura para la realización de los riegos; 4) los costos fijos, que incluyen el precio de la enmienda química, transporte, mano de obra y la maquinaria agrícola necesaria para su aplicación en la parcela (Ghafoor et al, 2001;Reyes et al, 2014;Trasviña-Barriga et al, 2018).…”