Relationships between Fine Sediment and Brook Trout<i>Recruitment in Forested Headwater Streams</i>

Hartman, Kyle J.; Hakala, James P.

doi:10.1080/02705060.2006.9664990

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…These velocities are common in the study rivers during the emergence periods of some years (Table 1). In addition, high flow pulses in the study area are typically associated with sediment transport increases followed by further accumulation in the stream bed, which can physically trap alevins, preventing their emergence (Acornley and Sear 1999;Hartman and Hakala 2006). In Hoz Seca, Eresma, and Cega, survival rate was also negatively influenced by the rate of change in discharge (reversals and rise rate) during the emergence period, which can quickly influence habitat availability and suitability for young trout (Olden and Poff 2003;Ayllón et al 2009), and therefore limit recruit abundance within the sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of hydrologic attributes on brown trout recruitment in low-latitude range margins

2009

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Factors controlling brown trout Salmo trutta recruitment in Mediterranean areas are largely unknown, despite the relevance this may have for fisheries management. The effect of hydrological variability on survival of young brown trout was studied during seven consecutive years in five resident populations from the southern range of the species distribution. Recruit density at the end of summer varied markedly among year-classes and rivers during the study period. Previous work showed that egg density the previous fall did not account for more than 50% of the observed variation in recruitment density. Thus, we expected that climatic patterns, as determinants of discharge and water temperature, would play a role in the control of young trout abundance. We tested this by analyzing the effects of flow variation and predictability on young trout survival during the spawning to emergence and the summer drought periods. Both hatching and emergence times and length of hatching and emergence periods were similar between years within each river but varied considerably among populations, due to differences in water temperature. Interannual variation in flow attributes during spawning to emergence and summer drought affected juvenile survival in all populations, once the effect of endogenous factors was removed. Survival rate was significantly related to the timing, magnitude and duration of extreme water conditions, and to the rate of change in discharge during hatching and emergence times in most rivers. The magnitude and duration of low flows during summer drought appeared to be a critical factor for survival of young trout. Our findings suggest that density-independent factors, i.e., hydrological variability, play a central role in the population dynamics of brown trout in populations from low-latitude range margins. Reported effects of hydrologic attributes on trout survival are likely to be increasingly important if, as predicted, climate change leads to greater extremes and variability of flow regimes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of hydrologic attributes on brown trout recruitment in low-latitude range margins

2009

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“…Brook trout have been shown to suffer from decreased growth as turbidity increases (Sweka & Hartman, 2001b). Additionally, trout reproductive success has been positively correlated with streams with low levels of fine sediments (Petty et al, 2005;Hartman & Hakala, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effects of riparian forest disturbance on stream temperature, sedimentation, and morphology

et al. 2012

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Forested headwater streams rely on their riparian areas for temperature regulation, woody debris inputs, and sediment retention. These products and services may be altered by disturbances such as timber harvest, windthrow, or development. This study investigated the effects of riparian forest disturbance by removing trees using 50 and 90% basal area harvests and by directly felling some trees into eight streams in eastern West Virginia. On summer afternoons, water temperature increased in the 50 and 90% BAH treatments at average rates of 0.18 and 0.79°C/ 100 m, respectively. The 90% BAH treatments had the potential to disrupt fish and invertebrate communities via increased water temperature. New roads and log landings associated with the riparian logging had no detectable effect on sedimentation or turbidity. Large woody debris (LWD) additions increased habitat complexity but no net increase in pool area was observed. Greater morphological instability was observed within the LWD addition sections as pools were both created and destroyed at significantly higher rates. Experimentally manipulating small riparian patches may be an analog for small-scale natural and anthropogenic disturbances. These common events are assumed to alter streams, but there are few experimental studies quantifying their effects.

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“…Brook trout have been shown to suffer from decreased growth as turbidity increases (Sweka and Hartman 2001a). Additionally, trout reproductive success has been positively correlated to streams with low levels of fine sediments (Hartman and Hakala 2006;Petty et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of riparian tree harvest intensity and woody debris addition on biotic and abiotic stream characteristics

Studinski¹

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The effect of riparian tree harvest intensity on biotic and abiotic stream characteristics Jered Michael Studinski Forested headwater streams rely on riparian zones for many critical products and services. Riparian areas shade streams, stabilize stream banks, filter sediment, and provide allochthonous materials like leaves, large woody debris (LWD), and terrestrial invertebrates (TI's). Logging can affect the products and services of riparian zones. Best management practices (BMP's) have been developed to minimize the impacts of riparian timber harvest on streams. The main component of these guidelines is the establishment of a road-free riparian buffer called a streamside management zone (SMZ). The West Virginia Division of Forestry's BMP's require a SMZ that is at least 30 m wide for perennial and intermittent streams. There is no harvest limit within the SMZ, although heavy equipment cannot be operated within the area. This study quantified the effect of LWD additions and riparian tree harvest intensity at 50% and 90% basal area harvest (BAH) on various biotic and abiotic characteristics of eight Appalachian headwater streams. Stream temperatures and pool formation rates were affected by the treatments. Stream temperature increased as canopy cover decreased. During the warmest days in summer, water temperature within 90% BAH sections reached levels that could be stressful or lethal to salmonids. The combination of 50% BAH sections and unharvested sections appeared to maintain natural thermal regimes. Neither the BAH nor the LWD treatments had an effect on stream turbidity or sedimentation rates within the experimental sections. The haphazard LWD additions resulted in no net increase in pool area. However, a greater number of pools were created and destroyed in the LWD addition sections. LWD additions also increased habitat complexity and most likely decreased the long-term LWD deficit that often occurs following logging operations. Periphyton biomass increased with decreasing canopy coverage. Temperature and alkalinity did not significantly affect periphyton biomass, although the temperature gradient was small. Trends of increasing periphyton biomass were observed with canopy reductions as small as 6.4%. TI inputs, a critical food source for trout, were affected by the BAH treatments. TI input biomass was significantly higher in the 90% BAH sections. TI input composition varied significantly between years (natural variation) and between the reference and 90% BAH sections. At greater harvest intensities, increases of Acrididae and Tettigoniidae (Orthoptera), wood-associated coleopterans, Formicidae (ants) and pollinating hymenopterans were observed. Aquatic invertebrates (AI's) were, for the most part, unaffected by the treatments. AI abundance, richness, and biomass were not affected by the BAH or LWD treatments. AI abundance and biomass was significantly affected by natural annual variation. AI communities were not affected by the treatments, although a significant and more-direct relationship was observed be...

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Relationships between Fine Sediment and Brook TroutRecruitment in Forested Headwater Streams

Cited by 13 publications

References 33 publications

Influence of hydrologic attributes on brown trout recruitment in low-latitude range margins

Influence of hydrologic attributes on brown trout recruitment in low-latitude range margins

The effects of riparian forest disturbance on stream temperature, sedimentation, and morphology

The effects of riparian tree harvest intensity and woody debris addition on biotic and abiotic stream characteristics

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