Repair of Bone Defects with Chitosan-Collagen Biomembrane and Scaffold Containing Calcium Aluminate Cement

Abstract

Innovative biomaterials can provide a promising new direction for the treatment of bone defects, stimulating a proper repair process, with no damage to adjacent tissues. The purpose of this in vivo study was to evaluate the biocompatibility and the osteoinductive capacity of chitosan-collagen biomembrane and scaffold containing calcium aluminate cement. Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were distributed according to the experimental times of analysis (7, 15 and 30 days). Four bone defects were created in the rabbits calvaria, which were individually filled with the biomembrane, scaffold, blood clot (negative control) and autologous bone (positive control). Histopathological analysis was performed using optical microscope at 32´, 64´, 125´ and 320´ magnifications. Cell response to inflammation and new bone tissue formation was quantified using a score system. The biomembrane group presented greater inflammatory response at 15 days, with significant difference to autologous bone group (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference for foreign body type reaction among groups (p>0.05). Concerning new bone formation, linear closure of the defect area was observed more evidently in the group with autologous bone. The scaffold group presented similar results compared with the autologous bone group at 30 days (p>0.05). Both tested biomaterials presented similar biocompatibility compared with the control groups. In addition, the biomembrane and scaffold presented similar osteoinductive capacity, stimulating bone repair process in the course of the experimental time intervals.

Simvastatin-Enriched Macro-Porous Chitosan-Calcium-Aluminate Scaffold for Mineralized Tissue Regeneration

“…The authors also showed that CHAlCa scaffold acts as a biocompatible and bioactive matrix, since cell proliferation, ALP activity, DSPP mRNA expression and calcium-rich matrix deposition were significantly enhanced in those HDPCs seeded onto its structure. The bioactive potential of CHAlCa may be related to the hydration process of AlCa cement when in contact with humidity, releasing Ca²+ and Al³+ ions over a long period of time (15). It has been shown that CHAlCa scaffold is capable of releasing Ca²+ when immersed in water, leading to the establishment of an alkaline (pH=9.0) environment within 24 h, followed by a stabilization (pH =7.8) up to 7 days (9).…”

“…It has been shown that CHAlCa scaffold is capable of releasing Ca²+ when immersed in water, leading to the establishment of an alkaline (pH=9.0) environment within 24 h, followed by a stabilization (pH =7.8) up to 7 days (9). A number of studies demonstrated that Ca²+ gradient exerts chemotactic, proliferative, and bioactive effects on MSCs (7,8,15). In these studies, the authors reported that a slightly alkaline environment (pH 8.0-9.0) favors odontoblastic differentiation of pulp cells.…”

Graphene Oxide Oxygen Content Affects Physical and Biological Properties of Scaffolds Based on Chitosan/Graphene Oxide Conjugates

“…Chitosan is a cationic polysaccharide, deriving from chitin deacetylation, which has gained a prominent place in biomedicine for a wide range of applications including drug delivery, wound dressings, bacterial contamination control, fat binding, and tissue engineering [1,2,3,4,5]. The peculiarity of chitosan, compared to other polysaccharides, is that it has been shown to provoke minimal or no foreign-body reaction, including inflammatory response and fibrotic encapsulation when used in hydrogel systems [6,7], polyelectrolyte multilayers [8], biomembranes [9] and as a porous 3-D scaffold [10]. Besides, chitosan has been shown to promote cell adhesion and proliferation in tissue engineering applications, especially when applied for bone tissue regeneration where it showed osteoconductivity and ability to promote osteogenic differentiation [11,12,13,14,15,16].…”

Aplicações e possibilidades terapêuticas do uso do biomaterial quitosana para a odontologia: revisão de literatura

“…Moraes et al 14 estudaram o reparo ósseo em defeitos na calvária de coelhos, em quatro grupos de intervenção: um com biomembrana de quitosana, outro com um scaffolds de aluminato de cálcio, um grupo controle e um com osso autólogo. No entanto diferente do que foi relatado no estudo de Chen et al 12 , o autor encontrou que a biomembrana de quitosana obteve menor cicatrização óssea entre os grupos.…”