Report of an Expert Panel to Review the Socio-Economic Models and Related Components Supporting the Development of Canada-Wide Standards (CWS) for Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone To the Royal Society of Canada

Adamowicz, Wiktor L.; Dales, Robert; Hale, Beverley; Hrudey, Steve E.; Krupnick, Alan; Lippman, Morton; McConnell, J. C.; Renzi, Paolo

doi:10.1080/10937400490253238

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The amount of PM released depends on the type of fuels burned and the intensity of the fire. While there has been some speculation that the effects of PM from forest fires may be different than the effects of PM from industrial sources, there does not appear to be substantial evidence to support this speculation (Adamowicz et al 2004).…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first type examines daily time series data and correlates the PM levels with health effects (mortality, hospital admissions, etc.). The second approach tracks cohorts of individuals and assesses their response to changes in air quality (Adamowicz et al 2004). These latter studies tend to produce evidence of more significant health impacts because of the potential for chronic exposure and because the heterogeneity of individuals is accounted for.…”

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter are often referred to as the "pain and suffering" effects associated with the illness. For an overview of the calculation of these measures and an outline of their use in policy analysis see Adamowicz et al (2004).…”

Section: Economic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Economic analysis of health effects from forest fires

Rittmaster¹,

Adamowicz²,

Amiro³

et al. 2006

Can. J. For. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Epidemiological studies have shown that high levels of fine particulate matter (PM) are correlated with adverse human health effects. Approximately one-third of PM emissions in Canada originate from forest fires. However, air quality concerns are not typically included in resource allocation decisions in fire management. In this paper we examine the economic magnitude of these health concerns and compare them to other costs of forest fires using the 2001 fire in Chisholm, Alberta, as a case study. We construct an empirical air dispersion model to estimate the concentration of PM arising from the fire. Benefit transfer methods were used to determine the health impacts associated with elevated PM from the fire and to value these impacts. The economic impacts appear to be substantial, second only to timber losses. The approaches used in this case study can be extended to construct a map that identifies the values at risk from health effects. The use of monetary values of these impacts helps in comparison and aggregation of the values at risk.

show abstract

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Economic analysis of health effects from forest fires

Rittmaster¹,

Adamowicz²,

Amiro³

et al. 2006

Can. J. For. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…NO 2 represents the largest portion of airborne concentrations of NOx; therefore, it may be strange that we identified a negative composition effect and a downward temporal trend for NO 2 concentrations, but a positive composition effect and an upward temporal trend for O 3 concentrations. However, the O 3 formation process is nonlinear and depending on VOC levels and the intensity of sunlight, O 3 may go up or down as NOx decreases (Adamowicz et al ). The upward trend displayed by the year fixed effects is likely capturing the technique effect as well as an upward trend and annual fluctuations in one of these unobserved variables.…”

Section: Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

An Examination of the Relationship between Air Quality and Income in Canada

McKitrick

Wood

2016

Canadian J Agri Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis suggests that at high income levels, economic growth is accompanied by decreasing concentrations of air pollutants. We examine the relationship between four common air pollutants and income across Canadian provinces and metropolitan areas. Our study improves upon past studies of the relationship in Canada in two ways. First, our use of panel methods and pollution concentration data from individual monitoring stations allows for a much larger sample size than previous Canadian studies. Furthermore, our econometric modeling approach separates and identifies the relative magnitudes of the scale, composition, and technique effects. Our results are as expected for annual average concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide: a positive effect of increases in the scale of the economy was completely offset by improvements in technology and changes in the composition of output. Similar results are found for ground-level ozone when choosing the measure used to assess the Canada-Wide Standard; however, the results when using annual average concentrations of ozone are much different. We attribute this difference to the focus of government policy to reduce short-term, rather than long-term, exposure to ozone. Résumé Selon l'hypothèse de la courbe environnementale de Kuznets, lorsque les niveaux de revenu sontélevés, la croissanceéconomique s'accompagne d'une diminution des concentrations de polluants atmosphériques. Dans la présenteétude, nous analysons le lien entre quatre polluants atmosphériques courants et le revenu, dans différentes provinces et régions métropolitaines canadiennes.Notreétude bonifie lesétudes antérieures sur l'existence de ce lien au Canada, et ce, pour deux raisons. Premiérement, le fait d'utiliser des méthodes de panel et des données sur les concentrations de polluants provenant des stations de surveillance permet deséchantillons de taille plus importante que ceux deś etudes canadiennes antérieures. Deuxièmement, notre modèleéconométrique distingue l'effet d'échelle, l'effet de composition et l'effet technique et en détermine l'ampleur relative. Les résultats de notreétude sont fondés sur des concentrations moyennes annuelles de dioxyde de soufre, de dioxyde d'azote et de monoxyde de carbone : l'un des effets positifs découlant de la croissanceéconomique aété entièrement contrebalancé par des améliorations technologiques et des changements dans la composition de la production. Des résultats similaires ontété obtenus dans le cas de l'ozone troposphérique lors du choix de la méthode visantàévaluer les standards pancanadiens (SP); toutefois, les résultats obtenusà partir des concentrations moyennes annuelles d'ozone différent considérablement. Nous attribuons cet ecartà la politique gouvernementale axée sur la réductionà court terme, plutôt qu'à long terme, de l'expositionà l'ozone.

show abstract

“…The policy issue is typically not whether a species existence is valued more than the costs; the issue is the extent to which the benefits of reduced risk of extinction exceed the costs, at various levels of risk reduction, or determining which recovery option yields the highest net benefit. Such calculations are now somewhat routinely used in areas of air quality standards (Adamowicz et al ) but it took time for such measures to be accepted and implemented (see Banzhaf ). A major step is the transition of the concept from the value of “life” or “lives” (or correspondingly the “species”) to the value of risk reductions.…”

Section: Benefit Cost Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Analysis and Species at Risk: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges

Adamowicz

2016

Canadian J Agri Economics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The Canadian Species at Risk Act (SARA) has been in existence for 13 years. It was, and in many ways continues to be, controversial. The U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA) originated in 1973 and has also been controversial. In the 1990s, concerns were raised by economists in Canada and the United States on the design of endangered species (ES) policy. Their concerns surrounded the reconsideration of the ESA and the establishment of SARA. What have we learned since the implementation of SARA over this time? How has the U.S. experience with the ESA informed SARA and its approach? How has the role of economic analysis in ES policy evolved? What continue to be the challenges and what are the opportunities? This paper reviews the concerns raised in the past, and evaluates the lessons learned regarding economics and ES. The unique aspects of the economic analysis of ES problems relative to other environmental concerns are outlined. The paper concludes with a discussion of ways to lessen the tension in debate about the role of economics in ES policy, and embrace the potential for more effective policy analysis and design through integration of economic analysis into conservation policy. Au Canada, la Loi sur les espèces en péril (LEP) est entrée en vigueur il y a 13 ans. Elle avait soulevé la controverse et, à certains égards, c'est encore le cas. Aux États‐Unis, l'Endangered Species Act (ESA – loi sur les espèces en voie de disparition) a vu le jour en 1973 et a aussi fait l'objet de controverse. Au cours des années 1990, des économistes canadiens et américains ont exprimé des préoccupations au sujet de la conception des politiques visant à protéger les espèces en voie de disparition. Leurs préoccupations ont mené à un réexamen de l'ESA et à la mise en œuvre de la LEP. Quelles leçons avons‐nous apprises depuis la mise en œuvre de la LEP? De quelle façon l'expérience des États‐Unis avec l'ESA a‐t‐elle influencé l’élaboration de la LEP et sa stratégie? De quelle façon le rôle de l'analyse économique des politiques visant à protéger les espèces en voie de disparition a‐t‐il évolué? Quels sont, encore aujourd'hui, les défis à relever et les occasions à saisir? Le présent article passe en revue les préoccupations passées et examine les leçons apprises concernant l’économie et les espèces en voie de disparition. Il met en lumière les caractéristiques uniques de l'analyse économique des problèmes liés aux espèces en voie de disparition comparativement à d'autres préoccupations environnementales. Il inclut une discussion sur les façons d'atténuer les tensions dans le débat sur le rôle de l’économie dans l’élaboration des politiques visant à protéger les espèces en voie de disparition et accueille la possibilité de procéder à l'analyse et à la conception efficaces de politiques grâce à l'intégration de l'analyse économique dans l’élaboration des politiques de la conservation.—

show abstract

Report of an Expert Panel to Review the Socio-Economic Models and Related Components Supporting the Development of Canada-Wide Standards (CWS) for Particulate Matter (PM) and Ozone To the Royal Society of Canada

Cited by 11 publications

References 37 publications

Economic analysis of health effects from forest fires

Economic analysis of health effects from forest fires

An Examination of the Relationship between Air Quality and Income in Canada

Economic Analysis and Species at Risk: Lessons Learned and Future Challenges

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About