Reproductive Biology of the Violet-Chested Hummingbird in Venezuela and Comparisons With Other Tropical and Temperate Hummingbirds

Fierro‐Calderón, Karolina; Martin, Thomas E.

doi:10.1650/8305.1

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Incubation and nestling periods of 19 and 23 d, respectively, for Peruvian Piedtails are within the range reported for other hummingbirds of similar size (17-22 d for incubation; 21-25 d for nestlings,~3 g; Aldrich 1945, Skutch 1961, 1964, Fierro-Calder on and Martin 2007. A relatively high daily nest attentiveness (69.3%) is also common among temperate and tropical hummingbirds (60-80%), but the K growth rate of 0.28 for nestling Peruvian Piedtails is on the lower end reported for other hummingbird species (0.26-0.47; Fierro-Calder on and Martin 2007).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Detailed knowledge of life history traits, reproductive biology, and habitat requirements for rare and narrowly endemic Andean hummingbirds have increased in recent years (Fierro-Calder on and Martin 2007, Tinoco et al 2009, Freile et al 2011, Baldwin and Londoño 2016, Guevara et al 2017). Most species, however, are still understudied, limiting our understanding of variation in the life history traits of hummingbirds, and our assessment of anthropogenic effects such as fragmentation and climate change on species in the Andes region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nesting biology. A cup-shaped nest built with soft material and clutch sizes of two white eggs are typical among tropical hummingbirds (Schuchmann 1999, Fierro-Calder on andMartin 2007). However, materials and placement of nests of Peruvian Piedtails differ from those of Ecuadorian Piedtails, their only congener.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining multiple sources of data to uncover the natural history of an endemic Andean hummingbird, the Peruvian Piedtail (Phlogophilus harterti)

2018

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Endemic species with distributions restricted to narrow elevational ranges in the Andes are among the least‐known tropical birds and are also among the most vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures of climate change and habitat fragmentation. One such species is the Peruvian Piedtail (Phlogophilus harterti), a hummingbird endemic to the Andean foothills of central and southern Peru. To obtain basic ecological information and estimate population densities, we studied Peruvian Piedtails over an 12‐year period (2006–2017) along an elevational gradient in Manu National Park in Peru. We calculated a density of 57.9 (95% CI: 36.2–81.4) individuals per km2, which is similar to estimates reported for other range‐restricted Andean hummingbirds. Peruvian Piedtails were found at elevations between 867–1545 m, but were more common in areas with undisturbed forest, dense vegetation, and bamboo patches in a narrow elevational band of 400 m (900–1300 m). All nests were in dense clumps of hanging moss, and clutches always consisted of two eggs. The duration of incubation (19 d) and nestling (23 d) periods was within the range reported for other hummingbirds of similar size, but the growth rate of nestlings (K = 0.28) was relatively slow. Our observations suggest that Peruvian Piedtails are locally common, but only in specific habitats within their limited elevational range in southeastern Peru, and they may rely on patches of bamboo (Guadua sp.) for breeding. Thus, the broader extent of the occurrence and density of Peruvian Piedtails across their range should be evaluated to better inform their conservation status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Combining multiple sources of data to uncover the natural history of an endemic Andean hummingbird, the Peruvian Piedtail (Phlogophilus harterti)

2018

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“…Howell & Dawson 1954, Martin & Ghalambor 1999, Martin 2002, Pearse et al 2004, Auer et al 2007a,b, Chalfoun & Martin 2007, Fierro-Calderón & Martin (2007, Martin et al 2007, Cox & Martin 2009, Kirkham & Davis 2013. Typically, the amount of time adults spend on-and off the nest is videoed or observed directly for short periods during daylight hours, or else recorded throughout the 24-hr period using thermal sensors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Latitudinal variation in day length and working day length has a confounding effect when comparing nest attentiveness in tropical and temperate species

Shaw

Cresswell

2014

J Ornithol

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During incubation tropical passerines have been shown to have lower levels of nest attentiveness than their counterparts at north temperate latitudes, spending a higher percentage of daylight time off the nest. This difference has been interpreted as evidence of parental restraint; tropical birds allocate more time to daily self-maintenance, perhaps preserving their higher annual survival rates and future breeding potential. But such comparisons are susceptible to the confounding effects of day length variation, because a given amount of time spent off the nest will account for a greater percentage of daylight time near to the equator than at high latitudes during spring and summer. Based on a pattern of increasing day length between 0° and 70°N we show that the impact of this bias is likely to be small where sites are separated by less than 30-40° of latitude, but should increase substantially both with latitudinal span and distance from the equator. To illustrate this effect we compared nest attentiveness in two congeners, breeding at 1°S and 52°N. During incubation, Stripe-breasted Tits Parus fasciiventer in Uganda had a shorter working day (time from emerging to retiring) than north temperate Great Tits P. major, and spent a higher percentage of daylight time off the nest (32%) than Great Tits in the UK (24%). However this difference was almost wholly explained by the latitudinal difference in day length; the amount of time spent off the nest differed by just 10 min d -1 (<1% of the 24-hr cycle). We show that this effect may be moderated by the change in working day length, which increased less rapidly (in relation to latitude) than day length. Although these effects can thus confound latitudinal comparisons of nest attentiveness, accentuating a pattern predicted by life history theory, they are avoidable if attentiveness is expressed simply as the percentage of time or the number of minutes spent incubating per 24 hours.

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“…Passive scanning or active monitoring of individuals (Fierro-Calder ó n and Martin 2007, Torres-Dowdall et al 2007) was used to visually search for Sephanoides sephaniodes nests. In 2008, 30 nests holding eggs or chicks were tagged and then collected once it was ensured they had been abandoned.…”

Section: Nest Location and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence of mutualistic synzoochory between cryptogams and hummingbirds

Osorio-Zuñiga

Fontúrbel

Rydin

2014

Oikos

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Endozoochory is usually involved in seed dispersal mutualisms, whereas ectozoochory is non‐rewarding, and therefore neutral (or even negative) for the animal vector. Synzoochory is an intermediate dispersal type between endo and ectozoochory in which propagules are deliberately transported (usually in the mouth) but with no ingestion or gut passage involved. We present empirical evidence of synzoochoric mutualism between the hummingbird Sephanoides sephaniodes and cryptogams (one fern and seven moss species). Two species (Lophosoria quadripinnata and Ancistrodes genuflexa) constituted the bulk of nest biomass, and another six moss species were present in lesser quantity. The hummingbird was selective when collecting nest material so that the nests contained a higher density of reproductive structures (that could be dispersed further) than natural patches of the cryptogam species. Even after one year, the nests maintained half of the original reproductive structures (sporangia, sporophytes) and biomass, constituting an important dispersal source. These results show a new type of mutualism in which mosses could be dispersed throughout longer distances (several km) by hummingbirds and to higher positions (particularly for ground‐living species, promoting dispersal potential). The hummingbird benefits from collecting cryptogam material for nest building, and cryptogams benefit from the concentration and relocation of diaspore sources into more effective recruiting sites. Similar mutualistic relationships could be a general phenomenon, of importance in many ecosystems.

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Reproductive Biology of the Violet-Chested Hummingbird in Venezuela and Comparisons With Other Tropical and Temperate Hummingbirds

Cited by 20 publications

References 19 publications

Combining multiple sources of data to uncover the natural history of an endemic Andean hummingbird, the Peruvian Piedtail (Phlogophilus harterti)

Combining multiple sources of data to uncover the natural history of an endemic Andean hummingbird, the Peruvian Piedtail (Phlogophilus harterti)

Latitudinal variation in day length and working day length has a confounding effect when comparing nest attentiveness in tropical and temperate species

Evidence of mutualistic synzoochory between cryptogams and hummingbirds

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