Residues of endosulfan in carp as an indicator of exposure conditions

Abstract

: Endosulfan is an organochlorine insecticide, consisting of a mixture of two isomers: alpha and beta endosulfan. Endosulfan residues were determined in livers and gills of carp exposed to lethal and sublethal concentrations of endosulfan. The fish which were exposed to a lethal concentration contained the highest residue level in both liver and gills. In carp liver, the percentage of beta endosulfan in the residue decreased with time between exposure and collection of samples whereas the percentage of endosulfan sulphate increased. Carp killed by exposure to endosulfan had a significantly greater ratio of beta to alpha endosulfan and a significantly greater percentage of beta endosulfan in their livers. There was no such clear relationship for the residue composition in fish gills. The determination of residue composition, in particular the percentage of beta endosulfan or the ratio of beta to alpha isomers is recommended in investigations of fish kills when endosulfan is a suspected cause.

Organochlorine Residues in Vegetables

“…β-Endosulfan is less soluble in water and more stable than the α-isomer (Beyers et al, 1965). The presence of β-endosulfan seems to be a useful indicator of time since exposure to endosulfan (Nowak et al, 1995). The overall average of α/β endosulfan in this study was 0.9, indicating ongoing use of technical endosulfan (Chakraborty et al, 2010;Chowdhury et al, 2007;Kole et al, 2001).…”

Pesticide Residues and Heavy Metals in Lake Victoria Nile Perch, Lates niloticus, Belly Flap Oil

“…However, beta-endosulfan is more readily metabolized than the a-isomer. This could therefore explain the lower concentration of the b-endosulfan in oil from the small size Nile perch than the aisomer (Nowak et al 1995). The lower b-endosulfan concentrations than a-endosulfan, may also be a consequence of their varied composition in commercial endosulfan (b:a = 30:70).…”

“…The lower b-endosulfan concentrations than a-endosulfan, may also be a consequence of their varied composition in commercial endosulfan (b:a = 30:70). According to Nowak et al (1995), (a/b)-endosulfan ratio ranging from 0.5 to 1.0 is indicative of recent exposure of the fish to endosulfan. Therefore, Nile perch at the Ugandan side of Lake Victoria with (a/b)-endosulfan ratio of 0.67 shows recent application of endosulfan in the lake basin.…”

Surface and groundwater pollution by organochlorine compounds in a typical soybean system from the south Pampa, Argentina

“…During this period, pesticides are transformed and consequently metabolites are predominant in water samples. Considering the high toxicity of endosulfan sulfate to aquatic biota, especially fish (Antonius and Byers 1997;Nowak et al 1995), it is necessary to establish such limits including the endosulfan sulfate metabolite, as it was discussed for Gw and as was suggested by EPA on their support for technical endosulfan ban in USA (EPA 2010). The downstream sampling point of LC is under different land use and also receives upstream waters from almost all the watershed.…”