Resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin and clindamycin in Streptococcus suis serotype 2 in Hong Kong

Antimicrobial Susceptibility, Tetracycline and Erythromycin Resistance Genes, and Multilocus Sequence Typing of <i>Streptococcus suis</i> Isolates from Diseased Pigs in China

“…The tetracycline efflux gene tet(40) was first reported to be located in tandem with tet(O/32/O) in the human gut firmicute bacterium C. saccharolyticum K10 [11]. While most previous studies found that rRNA methylase was the main mechanism involved in erythromycin resistance in S. suis [10,18], the efflux gene mef(A/E) has only occasionally been reported [3]. Thus, our study suggests that efflux could be another prevalent tetracycline and erythromycin resistance mechanism.…”

“…Thirty-three serotypes (types 1-31, 33 and 1/2) have been described based on capsular polysaccharides, and serotype 2 is considered to be the most pathogenic as well as the most prevalent capsular type in diseased pigs. Control of the disease by antimicrobials has generally been ineffective, partly because of increased resistance by S. suis to antimicrobials.Tetracycline and erythromycin are two antimicrobials that are extensively used for therapy, prophylaxis and growth promotion, and subsequently, associated resistance has been widely reported at a high rate in S. suis strains isolated from pigs and human beings [3,10,18]. However, mechanisms, which contribute to the tetracycline and macrolide resistance in Chinese S. suis strains, are still poorly understood.…”

“…Tetracycline and erythromycin are two antimicrobials that are extensively used for therapy, prophylaxis and growth promotion, and subsequently, associated resistance has been widely reported at a high rate in S. suis strains isolated from pigs and human beings [3,10,18]. However, mechanisms, which contribute to the tetracycline and macrolide resistance in Chinese S. suis strains, are still poorly understood.…”

Molecular Basis of Resistance to Selected Antimicrobial Agents in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis

“…High rates of S. suis resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, and lincosamides have been reported in both pig and human isolates worldwide (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Moreover, S. suis strains resistant to other antibiotics, such as ␤-lactams, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, florfenicol/chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones, have also been frequently reported.…”

“…Moreover, S. suis strains resistant to other antibiotics, such as ␤-lactams, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, florfenicol/chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones, have also been frequently reported. However, the basis of resistance to these antibiotics has only occasionally been studied (14,16,18,19). A better understanding of S. suis characteristics may be useful for the proper management of S. suis disease both in veterinary and human medicine.…”