Respiratory patterns in nurses of the red wood ant Formica polyctena (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)

Abstract

Cycles of discontinuous gas exchange (DGCs) and abdominal ventilatory movements were studied in nurses of red wood ant, Formica polyctena, using an electrolytic respirometer and an infra-red (IR) gas analyser or flowthrough respirometry. Both respirometry systems were combined with an IR actographic device based on IR-emitting and IR-sensor diodes. After recovering from handling and apparatus stress, lasting 1 -3 h, completely motionless intact ants displayed regular DGC. After decapitation the ants displayed DGC whose frequency was somewhat lower than that of the intact individuals (7.17 ± 0.79 mHz and 10.43 ± 01.12 mHz, respectively). In headless ants, there occurred continuous slow movements of legs. Bursts of carbon dioxide in the intact and in the headless ants always coincided with a bout of telescoping movements (contractions) of abdominal segments, which was interpreted as active ventilation. During interburst periods, the headless ants exhibited telescoping movements characterised by rapid protraction, lasting 0.07 -0.09 s, followed by a slow retraction of segments, suggesting passive ventilation. The intact ants were very sensitive to the flowing air and tended to be continuously active during flow-through respirometry. The decapitated ants, on the contrary, were insensitive to the air current.

Discontinuous gas exchange cycles and active ventilation in pupae of the bumblebee Bombus terrestris

“…Air flow rates from 3.6 to 10.8 L per h were used; the lower air flow rates gave higher sensitivity. The insect chamber could be switched either to the IRGA or to the electrolytic respirometer without disturbing the insect as seen in Figure 1 (see also Martin et al, 2004).…”

Effects of Fastac 50 EC on bumble bee Bombus terrestris L. respiration: DGE disappearance does not lead to increasing water loss

“…The IRGA was calibrated at different flow rates using calibration gases (Trägergase, VEB, Junkalor, Dessau) with gas injection (Kuusik et al, 2002;Martin et al, 2004;Mänd et al, 2005Mänd et al, , 2006, air flow rate was 120 ml min À1 . Before the air entered into the insect chamber, the CO 2 and H 2 O were removed from the system by DRIERITE and a molecular sieve.…”