Respiratory viral infections in children with asthma: do they matter and can we prevent them?

Ahanchian, Hamid; Jones, Carmen M.; Chen, Yueh sheng; Sly, Peter D.

doi:10.1186/1471-2431-12-147

Cited by 44 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 188 publications

(212 reference statements)

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“…In our study, the observed changes in the level of various biochemical markers after feeding mice with the HCD suggest that organic functions may be now damaged or may be so in the near future. This strengthens the relevance to ingest a balanced diet not only for avoiding or detaining the development of severe chronic diseases, but also for preventing other health problems, such as respiratory viral infections, papillomavirus infections, oral health care, or cancer recurrence (44,45,46,47).…”

Section: Nutrition and Cancermentioning

confidence: 71%

Hypocholesterolemic and Anticarcinogenic Effect ofVicia fabaProtein Hydrolyzates

León-Espinosa

Sánchez‐Chino

Garduño‐Siciliano

et al. 2016

Nutrition and Cancer

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In recent years, the consumption of vegetal-source proteins has been studied to determine their preventing effect on the development of several chronic diseases. The initial purpose of this report was to determine the effect of a hypercholesterolemic diet (HCD) given to mice, alone or with azoxymethane (AOM), on various obesity biochemical biomarkers, as well as on the induction of colon aberrant crypts (aberrant crypt foci; ACF). At the end of the 5-week assay, animals fed the HCD showed alterations in the level of total cholesterol, high- and low-density lipoproteins, and in the Atherogenic Index; besides, a significant elevation was observed in the number of ACF. Our second aim was to examine the effect of a Faba Protein Hydrolyzate (FPH) on mice fed the HCD. We first obtained protein hydrolyzates from the seeds of Vicia faba, determined the in vitro antioxidant potential with two tests, and, subsequently, evaluated the effect on obesity biomarkers and on the number of ACF. In the first case, we found that, generally, the best protective effect was obtained with the low dose of FPH (10 mg/kg) administered to animals fed the HCD, and injected AOM. With respect to the number of ACF, we observed that this dose was more effective, inhibiting such lesions to almost the level determined for the normocholesterolemic diet (NCD). Therefore, our results demonstrated the relevance of a HCD to develop anomalies in obesity biomarkers in mouse, as well as to increase the number of precarcinogenic lesions. Our results also showed a protective response with the administration of FPH, particularly with a specific dose, suggesting the need for extending research on the matter by widening the spectra of doses, in order to clearly define its potential to counteract the damage induced by the HCD, as well as to confirm if antioxidation in mice was involved in such an effect.

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Section: Nutrition and Cancermentioning

confidence: 71%

Hypocholesterolemic and Anticarcinogenic Effect ofVicia fabaProtein Hydrolyzates

León-Espinosa

Sánchez‐Chino

Garduño‐Siciliano

et al. 2016

Nutrition and Cancer

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“…Upon activation, epithelial cells secrete a range of chemokines and cytokines, including CCL2, CCL20, TSLP, IL-25, IL-33 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), resulting in the attraction and activation of dendritic cells and monocytes, which in turn act as antigen-presenting cells to immature T cells, which then differentiate into Th2 lineage. Interestingly, early in childhood, the threshold of PRR activation might be influenced by exposure to such stimuli as cigarette smoke or respiratory syncytial virus infection, which then theoretically leads to upregulation of the epithelial response to allergen and possibly the development of allergic airway diseases, although this remains to be proven [72,73]. Airway epithelial cells can also influence lung inflammation through their apoptotic function.…”

Section: The Epithelium In Asthmamentioning

confidence: 96%

Asthma Therapy and Its Effect on Airway Remodelling

Berair

Brightling

2014

Drugs

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Asthma remains a major health problem with significant morbidity, mortality and economic costs. In asthma, airway remodelling, which refers to all the microscopic structural changes seen in the airway tissue, has been recognised for many decades and remains one of the defining characteristics of the disease; however, it is still poorly understood. The detrimental pathophysiological consequences of some features of remodelling, like increased airway smooth muscle mass and subepithelial fibrosis, are well documented. However, whether targeting these by therapy would be beneficial is unknown. Although the prevailing thinking is that remodelling is an abnormal response to persistent airway inflammation, recent evidence, especially from studies of remodelling in asthmatic children, suggests that the two processes occur in parallel. The effects of asthma therapy on airway remodelling have not been studied extensively due to the challenges of obtaining airway tissue in the context of clinical trials. Corticosteroids remain the cornerstone of asthma therapy, and their effects on remodelling have been better studied than other drugs. Bronchial thermoplasty is the only asthma therapy to primarily target remodelling, although how it results in the apparent clinical benefits seen is not exactly clear. In this article we discuss the mechanisms of airway remodelling in asthma and review the effects of conventional and novel asthma therapies on the process.

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“…Natural and acquired immunity of the airway is insufficient in asthma. 13,14 Airway epithelium is a chemical, physical, and immunological barrier. 15 In addition to holding the cells together, the airway epithelium tight junction regions act as a protective barrier that prevents harmful molecules and infectious agents from entering the tissue, by preventing their passage from the intracellular gaps between the molecules and ions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%