RETRACTED: Ultra-Sensitive Biosensor with Simultaneous Detection (of Cancer and Diabetes) and Analysis of Deformation Effects on Dielectric Rods in Optical Microstructure

Abstract

This study proposes a refractive index sensor for the simultaneous detection of cancer and diabetes based on photonic crystals (PhC). The proposed PhC composed of silicon rods in the air bed arranged in a hexagonal lattice forms the fundamental structure. Two tubes are used to place the cancerous or diabetic samples for measurement. The sensor’s transmission characteristics are simulated and analyzed by solving Maxwell’s electromagnetic equations using the finite-difference time-domain approach for samples being studied. Therefore, diabetes and cancer are detected according to the changes in the refractive index of the samples using the laser source centered at 1550 nm. Considering the findings, the sensor’s geometry changes to adjust the suggested sensitivity and quality factor of structure. According to the results, transmission power ranges between 91 and 100% based on the sample. Moreover, sensitivity ranges from 1294 to 3080 nm/RIU and the maximum Figure of Mertie is nearly FOM = 1550.11 ± 150.11 RIU−1 with the detection in range 31 × 10−6 RIU. In addition, the small area (61.56 μm2) of biosensor results in its appropriateness for different uses in compact photonic integrated circuits. Next, we changed the shape of the dielectric rods and investigated their effects on the sensitivity parameter. The sensitivity and figure of merit after changes in the shape of dielectric rods and nanocavities are at best S = 20,393 nm/RIU and FOM = 9104.017 ± 606.93 RIU−1, receptively. In addition, the resolution detection range is 203.93 × 10−6 RIU.

Apoptotic, cytotoxic, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from nettle leaf

“…For this reason, it is also used as an antibacterial (Ameen, Abdullah, et al, 2020; Khan et al, 2020; Mythili, Selvankumar, Kamala‐Kannan, et al, 2018), antifungal (Ameen et al, 2018; Mostafa et al, 2020), anticancer (Mahawar et al, 2022; Megarajan et al, 2022; Mohanta et al, 2018), sensor/sensing (Chupradit et al, 2022; Jalil, Ashfaq, et al, 2021; Khaki et al, 2022), removal (Bhat et al, 2022; Hassan et al, 2022), treatment (Hamid et al, 2022; Hu et al, 2020), electrochemical (Babu et al, 2018; Rani et al, 2019; Rani et al, 2020), photocatalysts (Alaguprathana et al, 2022; Ameen, Dawoud, & AlNadhari, 2021; Selvam et al, 2022), water splitting (Rani et al, 2018), anti‐acne (Sathishkumar et al, 2016), supercapacitor (Saravanakumar et al, 2018), antioxidant (Ameen et al, 2022; Begum et al, 2022), anti‐tuberculosis (Zheng et al, 2022), antiplasmodial (Lai & Wong, 2021b) and antiviral agent (Kim et al, 2018; Sonbol, AlYahya, et al, 2021). It is also widely used in cosmetic (Ameen, Alsamhary, et al, 2021), electronic, determination (Kim et al, 2017), degradation (Rao, Wu, et al, 2018) and biomedical devices (Alshehrei et al, 2021; Chupradit, Ashfaq, et al, 2021; Gangalla et al, 2021). Silver nanoparticles (Ameen & Al‐Homaidan, 2022) have been increasingly used in different fields such as new generation catalysts (Wang et al, 2019; Zeng et al, 2020), antibacterial textiles and wastewater treatment, and so forth (Barani et al, 2022; Rao, Nandhini, et al, 2018).…”

Evaluation of IL-17 and IL-35 in patients with giardiasis in Thi-Qar province, Iraq

“…IL-17 cells are recognized to play a significant role in mucosal infection defense. The mechanism of IL-17-mediated protection involves neutrophil recruitment to infected areas and IL-17-induced cytokines and chemokines regulating DC (dendritic cells) activity and Th1 responses [ 17 – 23 ]. The current findings revealed a statistically significant increase in IL-35 levels in patients compared to healthy controls in all age groups.…”

Facile green synthesis inorganic cuprous oxide nanoparticles and their antibacterial properties

“…One of the significant nanotechnological research focuses on synthesizing M/MO NPs such as silver [37, 38], carbon [39, 40], zinc oxide [41–43], gold [44–46], copper [47–49], nickel [50–52], selenide [53], palladium [54, 55], molybdenum [56, 57], tin oxide [58], titanium [59], and iron [60, 61]. The M/MO NPs have a broad range of applications [62, 63] such antifungal [64–66], cytotoxicity [67, 68], antioxidant [69–71], photocatalyst [72–74], antibacterial [75–77], biosensor [78–80], extraction [81, 82], agriculture [30, 83], food analysis [84], energy [85–87], detection [88–90], and drug delivery [91–93]. The cuprous oxide NP has advantageous features compared to the other M/MO NPs, namely the expensive and rare nature of Au and AgNPs [94].…”