Revealing the impact of quasar luminosity on giant Ly α nebulae

Mackenzie, Ruari; Pezzulli, Gabriele; Cantalupo, Sebastiano; Marino, R. A.; Lilly, S. J.; Muzahid, Sowgat; Matthee, Jorryt; Schaye, Joop; Wisotzki, L.

doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3277

Cited by 29 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…Our sample is compared in Fig. 4 to Lyα nebulae selected around QSOs, from Borisova et al (2016) and Mackenzie et al (2021). Their Lyα photo-ionization rates to L Lyα ratios are 1-2 orders of magnitude larger, on average, with respect to structures in our sample (Fig.…”

Section: Physical Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…This is crucial for feeding even more massive galaxies (e.g., Daddi et al 2007) residing in massive halos at high redshifts (e.g., Bethermin et al 2014). Subsequent numerical and analytical modelling developed this theory with respect to stream stability (Nelson et al 2015;Mandelker et al 2019), multi-phase properties (Cornuault et al 2018), additional inner-halo cooling (Mandelker et al 2019(Mandelker et al , 2020Zinger et al 2018), angular momentum transfer to galaxies (Danovich et al 2015). This cold stream mode should be effective upto an evolving halo mass M stream (z), expected of order of 10 12.5 M at z = 2 and growing to 10 13.5 M at z = 3 (DB06), and rapidly diluted and disappearing at even higher masses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for Cold-stream to Hot-accretion Transition as Traced by Lyα Emission from Groups and Clusters at 2 < z < 3.3

Daddi

Rich

Valentino

et al. 2022

ApJL

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We present Keck Cosmic Web Imager observations of giant Lyα halos surrounding nine galaxy groups and clusters at 2 < z < 3.3, including five new detections and one upper limit. We find observational evidence for the cold-stream to hot-accretion transition predicted by theory by measuring a decrease in the ratio between the spatially extended Lyα luminosity and the expected baryonic accretion rate (BAR), with increasing elongation above the transition mass (M stream). This implies a modulation of the share of BAR that remains cold, diminishing quasi-linearly (logarithmic slope of 0.97 ± 0.19, 5σ significance) with the halo to M stream mass ratio. The integrated star formation rates (SFRs) and active galactic nucleus (AGN) bolometric luminosities display a potentially consistent decrease, albeit significant only at 2.6σ and 1.3σ, respectively. The higher scatter in these tracers suggests the Lyα emission might be mostly a direct product of cold accretion in these structures rather than indirect, mediated by outflows and photoionization from SFR and AGNs; this is also supported by energetics considerations. Below M stream (cold-stream regime), we measure L Lyα /BAR = 1040.51±0.16 erg s−1 M ⊙ − 1 yr, consistent with predictions, and SFR/BAR = 10−0.54±0.23: on average, 30 − 10 + 20 % of the cold streams go into stars. Above M stream (hot-accretion regime), L Lyα is set by M stream (within 0.2 dex scatter in our sample), independent of the halo mass but rising 10-fold from z = 2 to 3.

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Section: Physical Interpretationmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for Cold-stream to Hot-accretion Transition as Traced by Lyα Emission from Groups and Clusters at 2 < z < 3.3

Daddi

Rich

Valentino

et al. 2022

ApJL

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“…Arrigoni showed that the luminosity of the Ly α extended emission possibly scales with the luminosity of the quasar. More recently Mackenzie et al (2021), by studying a large dynamic range in quasar luminosity, showed that the nebulae do get fainter near fainter quasars although the correlation is significantly sub-linear. As can be seen in Fig.…”

Section: The Radial Profile Of the Extended Ly α Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MUSE analysis of gas around galaxies (MAGG) – III. The gas and galaxy environment of z = 3–4.5 quasars

Fossati

Fumagalli

Lofthouse

et al. 2021

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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We present a study of the environment of 27 z = 3 − 4.5 bright quasars from the MUSE Analysis of Gas around Galaxies (MAGG) survey. With medium-depth MUSE observations (4 hours on target per field), we characterise the effects of quasars on their surroundings by studying simultaneously the properties of extended gas nebulae and Lyα emitters (LAEs) in the quasar host haloes. We detect extended (up to ≈100 kpc) Lyα emission around all MAGG quasars, finding a very weak redshift evolution between z = 3 and z = 6. By stacking the MUSE datacubes, we confidently detect extended emission of C iv and only marginally detect extended He ii up to ≈40 kpc, implying that the gas is metal enriched. Moreover, our observations show a significant overdensity of LAEs within 300 $\rm km~s^{-1}$ from the quasar systemic redshifts estimated from the nebular emission. The luminosity functions and equivalent width distributions of these LAEs show similar shapes with respect to LAEs away from quasars suggesting that the Lyα emission of the majority of these sources is not significantly boosted by the quasar radiation or other processes related to the quasar environment. Within this framework, the observed LAE overdensities and our kinematic measurements imply that bright quasars at z = 3 − 4.5 are hosted by haloes in the mass range $\approx 10^{12.0}-10^{12.5}~\rm M_\odot$.

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“…The seminal papers by Rees (1988) and Haiman & Rees (2001), predicted that gas surrounding quasars reprocesses the impinging strong UV radiation as Ly𝛼 emission. Current studies routinely report extended Ly𝛼 emission, with ∼ 200 quasars surveyed to date at 2 < 𝑧 < 4 (e.g., Husband et al 2015;Fumagalli et al 2016;Borisova et al 2016;Arrigoni Battaia et al 2019a;Cai et al 2019;O'Sullivan et al 2020;Mackenzie et al 2021;Fossati et al 2021). The bulk of the extended emission traces gas on a few tens of kpc near the quasars, while large-scale structures extending to 𝑅 80 kpc are seen at lower surface brightness (SB Ly𝛼 ∼ 10 −18 erg s −1 cm −2 arcsec −2 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

APEX at the QSO MUSEUM: molecular gas reservoirs associated with $z\sim$3 quasars and their link to the extended Ly$α$ emission

Muñoz-Elgueta,

Battaia,

Kauffmann

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Cool gas (T∼10 4 K) traced by hydrogen Ly𝛼 emission is now routinely detected around 𝑧 ∼ 3 quasars, but little is known about their molecular gas reservoirs. Here, we present an APEX spectroscopic survey of the CO(6-5), CO(7-6) and [C ](2-1) emission lines for 9 quasars from the QSO MUSEUM survey which have similar UV luminosities, but very diverse Ly𝛼 nebulae. These observations ( rms = 2.6 mJy in 300 km s −1 ) detected three CO(6-5) lines with 3.4≤ 𝐼 CO(6−5) ≤5.1 Jy km s −1 , 620≤FWHM≤707 km s −1 , and three [C ](2-1) lines with 2.3≤ 𝐼 [C ] (2−1) ≤15.7 Jy km s −1 , 329≤FWHM≤943 km s −1 . For the CO and [C ] detected sources, we constrain the molecular gas reservoirs to be M H 2 = (0.4−6.9) ×10 11 M , while the non-detections imply M H 2 < 1.1 × 10 11 M . We compare our observations with the extended Ly𝛼 properties to understand the link between the cool and the molecular gas phases. We find large velocity shifts between the bulk of Ly𝛼 and the molecular gas systemic redshift in five sources (from ∼-400 to ∼ +1200 km s −1 ). The sources with the largest shifts have the largest Ly𝛼 line widths in the sample, suggesting more turbulent gas conditions and/or large-scale inflows/outflows around these quasars. We also find that the brightest (𝐼 [C ] (2−1) = 15.7 ± 3.7 Jy km s −1 ) and the widest (FWHM∼900 km s −1 ) lines are detected for the smallest and dimmest Ly𝛼 nebulae. From this, we speculate that host galaxy obscuration can play an important role in reducing the ionizing and Ly𝛼 photons able to escape to halo scales, and/or that these systems are hosted by more massive halos.

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Revealing the impact of quasar luminosity on giant Ly α nebulae

Cited by 29 publications

References 75 publications

Evidence for Cold-stream to Hot-accretion Transition as Traced by Lyα Emission from Groups and Clusters at 2 < z < 3.3

Evidence for Cold-stream to Hot-accretion Transition as Traced by Lyα Emission from Groups and Clusters at 2 < z < 3.3

MUSE analysis of gas around galaxies (MAGG) – III. The gas and galaxy environment of z = 3–4.5 quasars

APEX at the QSO MUSEUM: molecular gas reservoirs associated with $z\sim$3 quasars and their link to the extended Ly$α$ emission

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