Revealing the missing dimension at an exceptional point

Chen, Hua Zhou; Liu, Tuo; Luan, Hong Yi; Liu, Rong Juan; Wang, Xing Yuan; Zhu, Xue Feng; Li, Yuan Bo; Gu, Zhongming; Liang, Shan Jun; Gao, He; Lü, Ling; Li, Ge; Zhang, Shuang; Zhu, Jie; Ren, Min

doi:10.1038/s41567-020-0807-y

Cited by 135 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Recently, a new class of lasers based on concepts borrowed from parity-time symmetry in quantum mechanics has emerged 133 . A recent study indicates that a parity-timesymmetric synthetic plasmonic nanocavity can be employed to construct a vortex nanolaser 134 . When a single dipole emitter interacts with such a nanocavity, a counterintuitive phenomenon emerges in which the radiation field of the dipole can display the opposite handedness to the coalesced eigenstate of the system at an exceptional point, which violates the conventional wisdom that an emitter radiates into and interacts with eigenstates of the photonic environment 134 .…”

Section: Eigenmode Engineering Of Spasers and Plasmonic Nanolasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study indicates that a parity-timesymmetric synthetic plasmonic nanocavity can be employed to construct a vortex nanolaser 134 . When a single dipole emitter interacts with such a nanocavity, a counterintuitive phenomenon emerges in which the radiation field of the dipole can display the opposite handedness to the coalesced eigenstate of the system at an exceptional point, which violates the conventional wisdom that an emitter radiates into and interacts with eigenstates of the photonic environment 134 . Furthermore, ensembles of nanolasers operating in unison can produce a macroscopic response that would not be possible in conventional lasers.…”

Section: Eigenmode Engineering Of Spasers and Plasmonic Nanolasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers

et al. 2020

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Ten years ago, three teams experimentally demonstrated the first spasers, or plasmonic nanolasers, after the spaser concept was first proposed theoretically in 2003. An overview of the significant progress achieved over the last 10 years is presented here, together with the original context of and motivations for this research. After a general introduction, we first summarize the fundamental properties of spasers and discuss the major motivations that led to the first demonstrations of spasers and nanolasers. This is followed by an overview of crucial technological progress, including lasing threshold reduction, dynamic modulation, room-temperature operation, electrical injection, the control and improvement of spasers, the array operation of spasers, and selected applications of single-particle spasers. Research prospects are presented in relation to several directions of development, including further miniaturization, the relationship with Bose-Einstein condensation, novel spaser-based interconnects, and other features of spasers and plasmonic lasers that have yet to be realized or challenges that are still to be overcome.

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Section: Eigenmode Engineering Of Spasers and Plasmonic Nanolasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Eigenmode Engineering Of Spasers and Plasmonic Nanolasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers

et al. 2020

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“…Exceptional points (EPs), known as spectral singularities in the non‐Hermitian spectrum [ 1–4 ] have been exploited recently for rich novel physics in both classical and quantum systems. [ 5–23 ] Unlike in Hermitian systems, the eigenstates at EPs coalesce. This unique eigenstate space reduction implies that systems around EPs can be exploited as sensors by monitoring the splitting of the eigen energies or frequencies of the systems, [ 24–26 ] and this method has been demonstrated in experiments recently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Realization of Sensitivity Enhancement and Suppression with Exceptional Surfaces

Gan

Xie

Zhang

et al. 2021

Laser & Photonics Reviews

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By preparing a sensor system around isolated exceptional points, one can obtain a great enhancement of the sensitivity benefiting from the non‐Hermiticity. However, this comes at the cost of reduction of the flexibility of the system, which is critical for practical applications. By generalizing the exceptional points to exceptional surfaces, it has been theoretically proposed recently that enhanced sensitivity and flexibility can be combined. Here, an exceptional surface is experimentally demonstrated in a non‐Hermitian photonic sensing system, which is composed of a whispering‐gallery‐mode microresonator and two nanofiber waveguides, resulting in a unidirectional coupling between two degenerate counter‐propagating modes with an external optical isolator. The system is simple, robust, and can be easily operated around an exceptional surface. On the one hand, sensitivity enhancement is observed by monitoring the resonant frequency splitting caused by small perturbations. This demonstration of exceptional‐surface‐enhanced sensitivity paves the way for practical non‐Hermitian sensing applications. On the other hand, the suppression of frequency splitting around the exceptional surface is also shown for the first time.

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“…Two counter‐propagating whispering‐gallery‐modes coalesced and became degenerate at EP. As a result, one mode was oscillated and the other mode was suppressed, [ 86,87 ] and unidirectional power circulation was realized with the vortex laser emission.…”

Section: Parity–time Symmetry Lasersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Nanolaser Technology

et al. 2020

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Nanolasers are key elements in the implementation of optical integrated circuits owing to their low lasing thresholds, high energy efficiencies, and high modulation speeds. With the development of semiconductor wafer growth and nanofabrication techniques, various types of wavelength-scale and subwavelength-scale nanolasers have been proposed. For example, photonic crystal lasers and plasmonic lasers based on the feedback mechanisms of the photonic bandgap and surface plasmon polaritons, respectively, have been successfully demonstrated. More recently, nanolasers employing new mechanisms of light confinement, including parity-time symmetry lasers, photonic topological insulator lasers, and bound states in the continuum lasers, have been developed. Here, the operational mechanisms, optical characterizations, and practical applications of these nanolasers based on recent research results are outlined. Their scientific and engineering challenges are also discussed.

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Revealing the missing dimension at an exceptional point

Cited by 135 publications

References 53 publications

Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers

Ten years of spasers and plasmonic nanolasers

Experimental Realization of Sensitivity Enhancement and Suppression with Exceptional Surfaces

Recent Progress in Nanolaser Technology

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