Review of plasma deposition applications: preparation of optical waveguides

Bachmann, Peter K.

doi:10.1351/pac198557091299

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In both preform fabrication and fiber drawing stages, sophisticated technologies are involved to ensure the uniformity of the index profile and to preserve the core-cladding dimensions. Due to the precise control on deposition rate and pressure, PCVD technology [7,8,[18][19][20][21][22], can provide 100 % deposition efficiency and more accurate preform fabrication in fiber manufacturing technology Fig. 9 Variation of dispersion, dispersion slope and effective MFD as a function of wavelength for different core radii of Type 3 fiber Fig.…”

Section: Design and Optimization Of Hnl-uffmentioning

confidence: 99%

New refractive index profiles of dispersion-flattened highly nonlinear fibers for future all-optical signal processing in wdm optical networks

Selvendran

Raja

2016

Photon Netw Commun

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In this paper, we demonstrate new dissimilar refractive index profiles for highly nonlinear ultra-flattened dispersion fibers with noteworthy effective area (A eff ) for future optical signal processing. The newly proposed fibers named from Type 1 to Type 5 have a flattened dispersion over S, C, L and U bands. Predominantly, few-mode HNL-UFF fiber of Type 3 yields dispersion-flattened characteristics over a range of 250 nm of optical communication spectrum with a mere 0.2 ps/nm km variation in dispersion and a dispersion slope of 0.0057 ps/nm 2 km due to the contribution of higher-order modes to the dispersion characteristics of the fiber. Moreover, it has a moderate nonlinear coefficient of 8.03 W −1 km −1 . By modifying the refractive index profile of Type 3 fiber, Type 4 and Type 5 fibers are obtained in order to ensure single-mode operation, while the zero flattened dispersion characteristics of the fiber are compromised. Among the newly proposed fibers, Type 4 fiber offers a very low ITU-T cutoff wavelength of 1.33 µm, whereas in the case of Type 5 fiber it is 1.38 µm. Moreover, Type 4 and Type 5 fibers have good nonlinear coefficients of 12.26 W −1 km −1 and 11.45 W −1 km −1 , respectively. By virtue of the proposed optimized index profile, an insensitive behavior toward bending is displayed by Type 3, Type 4 and Type 5 fibers. In addition, Type 4 fiber provides a better splice loss of 0.25 dB.Keywords Highly nonlinear ultra-flattened dispersion fiber (HNL-UFF) · Zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) · Refractive index profile · Effective area (A eff ) · Dispersion · Dispersion slope · Wavelength conversion (WC) B S. Selvendran

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Section: Design and Optimization Of Hnl-uffmentioning

confidence: 99%

New refractive index profiles of dispersion-flattened highly nonlinear fibers for future all-optical signal processing in wdm optical networks

Selvendran

Raja

2016

Photon Netw Commun

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“…Thus, fluorine doping improves the radiation hardness of sol-gel-derived silica glasses [188]. Third, fluorine doping decreases the refractive index of silica glass [175,[202][203][204]. This phenomenon is important in forming silica-based optical fibers and waveguides.…”

Section: Fluorine Doping and Dehydrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in sol–gel synthesis of monolithic silica and silica-based glasses

Kajihara

2013

Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies

135

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Studies on sol-gel synthesis of monolithic silica and silicate glasses are summarized. Major research efforts have been devoted to avoid the fracture problems, associated with the extensive shrinkage of wet gels during drying. Supercritical drying, incorporation of silica fillers, and reduction of the surface tension of pore liquid have been used to form monolithic dried gels without fracture. More recent studies have shown that wet gels derived from alkoxides can be dried in a relatively short time without fracture at ambient pressure, by employing controlled drying accompanied by the cavitation of the pore liquid, macroscopic phase separation in parallel with gelation, and fluorine modification. By optimizing the synthesis procedure, it is also possible to reduce the use of reagents such as external alcohols, organic solvents, and other additives, which are removed during synthesis and are unnecessary in the final products. Another subject of considerable interest is the development of silica-based functional glasses that are difficult to form by conventional melt-quench and vapor-phase methods, by taking advantage of melt-free processes conducted at relatively low temperatures. Most of the recent studies on the functionalization of sol-gel-derived silica glasses are concerned with the doping of nanoparticles, rare earth ions, and/or fluorine.

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“…The process scheme and the experimental set-ups for both the ALPD-and POD-technology as well as their "standard" conditions typically used are describes elsewhere in more detail [2][3]6]. However, for completeness Fig.…”

Section: Axial Lateral Plasma Deposition Process (Alpd) and Plasma Oumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 a, upper inlet) in a first step SiO 2 is deposited onto the endface of a large rotating quartzglass rod which is slowly moved away from the torch (axial plasma deposition). 1-3 g/min are mentioned in a recent publication [6]. In a second step the cladding is formed by the desposition of fluorine doped silica (lateral plasma deposition).…”

Section: Axial Lateral Plasma Deposition Process (Alpd) and Plasma Oumentioning

confidence: 99%

Fiber-Preform Fabrication Using Plasma Technology: A Review

Hünlich¹,

Bauch²,

Kersten³

et al. 1987

Journal of Optical Communications

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This paper gives a review on the state-of-the-art of the application of plasmas for the preparation of optical waveguides. Both high and low pressure plasmas initiating a homogeneous or a heterogeneous reaction are used for the fabrication of high quality low-loss optical fibers. Both inside and outside deposition processes are presented and compared. Among these the Plasma Impulse CVD (PICVD-process) is discussed in more detail.

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Review of plasma deposition applications: preparation of optical waveguides

Cited by 27 publications

References 5 publications

New refractive index profiles of dispersion-flattened highly nonlinear fibers for future all-optical signal processing in wdm optical networks

New refractive index profiles of dispersion-flattened highly nonlinear fibers for future all-optical signal processing in wdm optical networks

Recent advances in sol–gel synthesis of monolithic silica and silica-based glasses

Fiber-Preform Fabrication Using Plasma Technology: A Review

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