“…It also proves that GO can be partly reduced to rGO with the addition of cobalt ions and 2-Hmim. The high-resolution O 1s spectrum has been investigated, the peaks (Figure A) at 531.6 (OC–OH), 532.2 (CO), 532.9 (C–O–C/absorbed H 2 O), and 533.7 eV (C–OH) of HSG, , have changed as followed (Figure C): lattice Co–O species [β-Co(OH) 2 , 530.3 eV], hydroxyl group (530.8 eV), oxygen vacancy (O V , 531.3 eV), metal–oxygen bonding [Co–O belong to α-Co(OH) 2 , 531.8 eV], , CO (532.3 eV), and C–O–C/absorbed H 2 O (533.1 eV) with the process of Co(OH) 2 /PRGO formation . As for the peaks of Co 2p (Figure D), the two wide bands correspond to the Co 2p 3/2 and Co 2p 1/2 , respectively.…”