Scavenging reactive oxygen species is a potential strategy to protect <i>Larimichthys crocea</i> against environmental hypoxia by mitigating oxidative stress

Abstract

The large yellow croaker ( Larimichthys crocea ), which is an economically important mariculture fish in China, is often exposed to environmental hypoxia. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) homeostasis is essential for the maintenance of normal physiological conditions in an organism. Direct evidence that environmental hypoxia leads to ROS overproduction is scarce in marine fish. Furthermore, the sources of ROS overproduction in marine fish under hypoxic stress are poorly known. In this study, we investigated the effects of hypoxia on redox homeostasis in L . crocea and the impact of impaired redox homeostasis on fish. We first confirmed that hypoxia drove ROS production mainly via the mitochondrial electron transport chain and NADPH oxidase complex pathways in L . crocea and its cell line (large yellow croaker fry (LYCF) cells). We subsequently detected a marked increase in the antioxidant systems of the fish. However, imbalance between the pro-oxidation and antioxidation systems ultimately led to excessive ROS and oxidative stress. Cell viability showed a remarkable decrease while oxidative indicators, such as malondialdehyde, protein carbonylation, and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine, showed a significant increase after hypoxia, accompanied by tissue damage. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reduced ROS levels, alleviated oxidative damage, and improved cell viability in vitro . Appropriate uptake of ROS scavengers (e.g., NAC and elamipretide Szeto-Schiller-31) and inhibitors (e.g., apocynin, diphenylene iodonium, and 5-hydroxydecanoate) may be effective at overcoming hypoxic toxicity. Our findings highlight previously unstudied strategies of hypoxic toxicity resistance in marine fish.

RETRACTED: Integrated the embedding delivery system and targeted oxygen scavenger enhances free radical scavenging capacity

“…Their safety and application stability need to be further explored. Luo et al, 2021 Lipoxygenase inhibitor O-phenanthroline 1. It has a certain inhibitory effect on the activity of lipoxygenase.…”

Effects of elevated temperature on 8-OHdG expression in the American oyster (Crassostrea virginica): Induction of oxidative stress biomarkers, cellular apoptosis, DNA damage and γH2AX signaling pathways

“…Notably, out of 20 different oxidative products that have been characterized, 8-OHdG is considered the major element of oxidative DNA damage [43] . Numerous studies in recent years have analyzed levels of 8-OHdG in fish and shellfish DNA in relation to environmental pollutants, hypoxia, transport stress, as well as thermal stress [43] , [44] , [45] , [46] , [47] . For example, Gleason et al.…”

Transcriptome and 16S rRNA Analyses Reveal That Hypoxic Stress Affects the Antioxidant Capacity of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides), Resulting in Intestinal Tissue Damage and Structural Changes in Microflora

“…Previous studies have revealed the effects of the duration of hypoxia on oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, in aquatic organisms. For example, culturing large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) in water with a DO level of 2 mg/L for 96 h can cause oxidative stress, affect the balance of the redox system, and lead to gill tissue damage [5]. A study on hybrid yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco ♀ × Pelteobagrus vachelli ♂) found that oxidative stress, respiratory metabolism, and apoptosis were affected when the DO level reached 0.7 ± 0.05 mg/L and was maintained at that level for 6.5 h [6].…”