Second-hand smoke exposure in homes with children: assessment of airborne nicotine in the living room and children’s bedroom

Arechavala, Teresa; Continente, Xavier; Pérez-Ríos, Mónica; Schiaffino, Anna; Fernández, Esteve; Cortés-Francisco, Nuria; Centrich, Francesc; Muñoz, Gonzalo; López, María José

doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-053751

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In this setting, the prevalence of exposure in our study was 26%. Furthermore, according to a recent study 8 , the level of exposure in this setting might be very high, with nicotine concentration levels similar to those found in public places before the implementation of the tobacco control laws. Therefore, SHS exposure at home might have an important public health impact.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Social inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in children in Spain

López¹,

Arechavala²,

Continente³

et al. 2018

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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INTRODUCTION Children are particularly vulnerable to the health effects of secondhand smoke (SHS). The objectives of this study are to describe SHS exposure of children younger than 12 years in Spain and to identify potential social inequalities associated with SHS exposure. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in a representative sample of the population younger than 12 years in Spain. A computer-assisted telephone interview was conducted with parents or legal guardians in 2016, to assess the children’s SHS exposure at home, in the car, at school and at the nursery gates, in public transport, and during leisure time. The socio-demographic variables included were the child’s age and sex, the highest educational attainment at home, and occupational social class. Prevalence and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for SHS exposure in each setting and for overall exposure. RESULTS In all, 71.8% of the children were exposed to SHS: 25.8% were exposed at home, 4.6% in the car, 8.2% in public transport, 31.9% at outdoor nursery or school gates, and 48% during leisure time. The higher the educational attainment at home, the lower the exposure (38.8% for primary school or lower, 28.7% for secondary school and 20.8% university level). The more deprived the social class, the higher the exposure (21.7% class I-II, 23.4% class III-IV and 31.1% class V-VII). SHS exposure in cars and overall exposure also decreased with higher educational achievement. CONCLUSIONS In Spain, a large proportion of children are still exposed to SHS. Furthermore, there are clear social inequalities. To reduce SHS exposure, there is an urgent need for evidence-based interventions with an equity perspective.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Social inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in children in Spain

López¹,

Arechavala²,

Continente³

et al. 2018

Tob. Induc. Dis.

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“…In addition, many studies showed a higher toxicity for cigarette smoke compared with ambient PM sources such as dust and traffic . To improve indoor air quality for people especially for vulnerable groups, SHS is still an important pollutant from a public health perspective …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[64][65][66] To improve indoor air quality for people especially for vulnerable groups, 67 SHS is still an important pollutant from a public health perspective. 1,20 Peak analysis developed in this study allows us to quantify the contribution of PM 2.5 from SHS exposure from specific locations and time periods. Data from this study and studies using this approach can inform and shape health policy regulating SHS, especially for children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accurately characterizing pollutant exposure is the key factor in understanding the exposure‐response relationship in epidemiology studies . For SHS, several exposure assessment methods have been used, including questionnaires, indoor or personal air sampling for nicotine levels, and cotinine levels in biological samples . Each method has strengths and limitations .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterizing peak exposure of secondhand smoke using a real‐time PM _2.5 monitor

et al. 2019

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Although short‐duration elevated exposures (peak exposures) to pollutants may trigger adverse acute effects, epidemiological studies to understand their influence on different health effects are hampered by lack of methods for objectively identifying peaks. Secondhand smoke from cigarettes (SHS) in the residential environment can lead to peak exposures. The aim of this study was to explore whether peaks in continuous PM2.5 data can indicate SHS exposure. A total of 41 children (21 with and 20 without SHS exposure based on self‐report) from 28 families in New York City (NY, USA) were recruited. Both personal and residential continuous PM2.5 monitoring were performed for five consecutive days using MicroPEM sensors (RTI International, USA). A threshold detection method based on cumulative distribution function was developed to identify peaks. When children were home, the mean accumulated peak area (APA) for peak exposures was 297 ± 325 hour*µg/m3 for children from smoking families and six times that of the APA from non‐smoking families (~50 ± 54 hour*µg/m3). Average PM2.5 mass concentrations for SHS exposed and unexposed children were 24 ± 15 µg/m3 and 15 ± 9 µg/m3, respectively. The average SHS exposure duration represents ~5% of total exposure time, but ~13% of children's total PM2.5 exposure dose, equivalent to an additional 2.6 µg/m3 per day. This study demonstrated the feasibility of peak analysis for quantifying SHS exposure. The developed method can be adopted more widely to support epidemiology studies on impacts of short‐term exposures.

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“…Study was found that smoking in the whole house was a significant factor of positive urinary cotinine in pregnant nonsmokers [1]. Pollution from secondhand smoke (SHS) smoke from burning cigarettes inhaled by nonsmokers especially in the form of gases can be disposed of if there is air ventilation, but can settle on the surface for a certain time on floors, walls, chairs, fabrics, clothing, carpets, furniture that this has the potential as thirdhand smoke [2][3] [4][5] [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Secondhand Smoke and Thirdhand Smoke Exposure at Home on Acute Respiratory Infections

Hermawati¹,

Indarjo²,

Sukendra³

2019

Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Physical Education, Sport, and Health (ACPES 2019)

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The tendency of smokers who smoke at home continues to increase, therefore many children can be exposed to secondhand smoke and many cases due to exposure to cigarette smoke. The objectives of this study was to determine the associations between children's secondhand smoke and thirdhand smoke exposure at home with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). The study design was case control. The respondents were 145 parents who had children under five who studied in several kindergartens in Semarang and family members or guests smoke at their home. Information on the variables under study was obtained using repeated questionnaires that were completed by the parents. Data analysis using chi square. The result show that children's secondhand smoke and thirdhand smoke exposure at home were associated with Acute Respiratory Infection's (ARIs) significantly. To conclude, the parents have contribution for creating a smoke-free environment to their children. They may help keep their children from being exposed to secondhand smoke and thirdhand smoke by make good role model and home smoke free.

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Second-hand smoke exposure in homes with children: assessment of airborne nicotine in the living room and children’s bedroom

Abstract: Homes with smokers present SHS in the living room and in the children's bedroom. Therefore, programmes focused on reducing children's SHS exposure are urgently needed.

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Social inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in children in Spain

Social inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in children in Spain

Characterizing peak exposure of secondhand smoke using a real‐time PM _2.5 monitor

The Effect of Secondhand Smoke and Thirdhand Smoke Exposure at Home on Acute Respiratory Infections

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Second-hand smoke exposure in homes with children: assessment of airborne nicotine in the living room and children’s bedroom

Abstract: Homes with smokers present SHS in the living room and in the children's bedroom. Therefore, programmes focused on reducing children's SHS exposure are urgently needed.

Cited by 26 publications

References 30 publications

Social inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in children in Spain

Social inequalities in secondhand smoke exposure in children in Spain

Characterizing peak exposure of secondhand smoke using a real‐time PM 2.5 monitor

The Effect of Secondhand Smoke and Thirdhand Smoke Exposure at Home on Acute Respiratory Infections

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Product

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Characterizing peak exposure of secondhand smoke using a real‐time PM _2.5 monitor