Seleksi In Vitro dan Pengujian Mutan Tanaman Pisang Ambon Kuning untuk Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium

Abstract

In Vitro Selection and Evaluation of Banana MutantsVariety Ambon Kuning to Fusarium Wilt Disease. Deden Sukmadjaja, Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih, and Tri P. Priyatno. Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most serious problem faced in banana cultivation in terms of plant productivity and fruit quality. Mutation breeding is one of the alternative method that can be applied in producing new banana cultivar. Mutants can be induced by chemical mutagen such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) followed by in vitro selection and then evaluation of the mutants to fusarium wilt disease in glasshouse and Foc infected field. The aim of this research was obtained EMS induced and in vitro selected mutants of banana var. Ambon Kuning and evaluated Foc disease resistant clones in glasshouse and Foc infected field. The first step to obtain the explants for this research was initiation and formation of multiple bud clumps (MBC) using MS basal media supplemented with 5, 10, and 20 mg/l of benzyladenin. Plant regeneration of MBC was also studied by using MS media containing 0, 0.2, and 1 mg/l of benzyladenin. To induce mutagenesis, MBC was soaked in 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% (v/v) EMS for 1, 2, and 3 hours. The assesment of resistant MBC mutants to Fusarium phytotoxin was conducted by using fusaric acid (FA) as selection agent in concentration of 30, 45, and 60 ppm. Putative mutant plants produced by in vitro selection were further tested using spore solution of Foc race 4 in glasshouse. Meanwhile, Foc resistance assesment in the infected field was conducted in Pasirkuda Experimental Station, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed that MBC can be formed in MS basal media supplemented with 10 or 20 mg/l benzyladenin. The EMS played a role in obtaining mutants by producing 68 MBC putative mutants tolerant to Foc based on FA selection. Further evaluation in the glasshouse was obtained 64 Foc resistant plants from 391 putative mutants produced by in vitro selection. Evaluation in the Foc infected field showed six clones survived until generative phase (12 month of age). Keywords

Optimization of benzyl amino purines (BAP) concentration and medium type on the induction of banana shoots (Musa acuminata Colla.) cv. Barangan Merah under in vitro condition

“…The browning caused by phenolic compounds (Figure 1). It could be overcame using ascorbic acid [9,10]. The fungi that caused contamination in this study were Mucor and Penicillium (Figure 2).…”

Multiple bud clumps induction of banana cv. Barangan Merah (Musa acuminate Colla.) under in vitro treatment of benzyl amino purine and indole-3 acetic acid

“…Barangan Merah will produce different number of shoots. The application of 6 mg L -1 BAP + 0.5 mg L -1 NAA was produced 4.6 shoots on the Barangan Merah cultivar [16]. Different banana cultivars showed different responses to formation of shoot in treatment of cytokinin and IAA.…”

INDUKSI MUTASI DAN SELEKSI IN VITRO TANAMAN GANDUM (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)

“…Variabilitas mutan tertinggi terdapat pada mutan hasil mutagen kimia di sekitar LC 20 dan LC 50 (Datta 2001). Induksi mutasi yang dilanjutkan dengan seleksi ketahanan terhadap suhu tinggi secara in vitro telah dilakukan pada tanaman kentang dan bawang putih yang berhasil memperoleh mutan toleran suhu tinggi (Das et al 2000), memperoleh pisang yang tahan penyakit layu fusarium (Sukmadjaja et al 2013), mendapatkan kedelai produksi tinggi (Asadi 2013). Tanaman hasil regenerasi dari jaringan yang dapat mengatasi kondisi seleksi in vitro, diharapkan mempunyai fenotipe toleran terhadap suhu tinggi dan diharapkan dapat beradaptasi pada dataran rendah di Indonesia.…”