Sensitive monitoring of benzoylurea insecticides in water and juice samples treated with multiple monolithic fiber solid-phase microextraction and liquid chromatographic analysis

Freezing temperature controlled deep eutectic solvent dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic droplets for rapid determination of benzoylureas residual in water samples with assistance of metallic salt

“…Frequently-used highly toxic organic extractant in DLLME was substituted by a kind of hydrophobic DES whose freezing point can be controlled. The hydrophobic DES, synthesized from [N 8,8,8,1 ]Cl and 1-dodecanol, with lower density than water was suitable to use in the DLLME-SFOD. During the extraction procedure, ferric chloride Table 3 The analytical performance characteristics of the SA-DES-DLLME-SFOD combined with HPLC-DAD ethanol solution was applied as the dispersive-demulsied solvent to disperse the extractant and break up the emulsion system in sequence.…”

“…DESs with different ratio of IL were synthesized as follows: mixing [N 8,8,8,1 ]Cl with 1-dodecanol at the required molar ratio in a beaker at 40 C with 45 min constant stirring until the liquid turn transparent. Then, the mixture was cooled to room temperature and applied for the microextraction procedure.…”

“…Solidphase microextraction (SPME) was used to detect BUs in water and juice, 8 and dispersive micro-solid-phase (D-mSPE) was used to determine insecticides in honey samples. 9 Besides above, some microextraction methods based on liquid extractant were employed for residual detection, like dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), hollow ber liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) and oated organic drop microextraction (FODME).…”

β‐Cyclodextrin polymer@Fe3O4 based magnetic solid‐phase extraction coupled with HPLC for the determination of benzoylurea insecticides from honey, tomato, and environmental water samples

“…The analysis of BUs is commonly performed by using HPLC with different detectors, such as UV , MS and fluorescence detection . Because of the existence of low levels of BUs in food and environmental samples and the complex matrices of the real samples, the sample pretreatment for the enrichment of the analytes is often necessary before chromatographic detections . SPE and LLE are the two most widely used conventional sample preparation techniques.…”

Ionic-liquid-modified magnetic nanoparticles as a solid-phase extraction adsorbent coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of linear alkylbenzene sulfonates in water samples

“…However, they have several disadvantages. Particularly, LLE is time consuming and labor intensive and requires a large amount of toxic organic solvents . In addition, traditional SPE requires a long equilibration time because of the limited diffusion and mass transfer rates .…”