Sensitivity-enhanced temperature sensor by cascaded configuration of polarization mode interferometer and Lyot filter based on Vernier effect

Zhao, Xiaonan; Wu, Xu; Zuo, Cheng; Zhang, Wujun; Shi, Jinhui; Gui, Lei; Mu, Shengquan; Yu, Benli

doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2022.103017

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For the dual parameter measurement of pressure and temperature, Andre D. Gomes et al created a hollow spherical FPI structure [22], attaining a temperature response of −650 pm/ • C. The method is difficult, unrepeatable, and insufficiently sensitive. Recently, the sensitivity of temperature sensors has been improved to the order of ~nm/ • C or even tens of nm/ • C through more complex structures [23][24][25][26]. However, these experiments based on the Vernier effect require at least two parts of the sensing structure, which means poor repeatability due to high structural and process complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The method is difficult, unrepeatable, and insufficiently sensitive. Recently, the sensitivity of temperature sensors has been improved to the order of ~nm/°C or even tens of nm/°C through more complex structures [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. However, these experiments based on the Vernier effect require at least two parts of the sensing structure, which means poor repeatability due to high structural and process complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer

Liu

Lin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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The Vernier effect created using an incorporated Lyot–Sagnac loop is used to create an ultra-high sensitivity temperature sensor based on a ring laser cavity. Unlike standard double Sagnac loop systems, the proposed sensor is fused into a single Sagnac loop by adjusting the welding angle between two polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) to achieve effective temperature sensitivity amplification. The PMFs are separated into two arms of 0.8 m and 1 m in length, with a 45° angle difference between the fast axes. The sensor’s performance is examined both theoretically and experimentally. The experimental results reveal that the Vernier amplification effect can be achieved via PMF rotating shaft welding. The temperature sensitivity in the laser cavity can reach 2.391 nm/°C, which is increased by a factor of more than eight times compared with a single Sagnac loop structure (0.298 nm/°C) with a length of 0.8 m without the Vernier effect at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 30 °C. Furthermore, unlike traditional optical fiber sensing that uses a broadband light source (BBS) for detection, which causes issues such as low signal-to-noise ratio and broad bandwidth, the Sagnac loop can be employed as a filter by inserting itself into the fiber ring laser (FRL) cavity. When the external parameters change, the laser is offset by the interference general modulation, allowing the external temperature to be monitored. The superior performance of signal-to-noise ratios of up to 50 dB and bandwidths of less than 0.2 nm is achieved. The proposed sensor has a simple structure and high sensitivity and is expected to play a role in biological cell activity monitoring.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer

Liu

Lin

et al. 2023

Sensors

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Integrated Reflective Lyot Filter and FBG Structure for Simultaneous Sensing of Temperature and Axial Strain in Fiber Ring Laser

Liu,

Zhang,

Chen

et al. 2024

IEEE Sensors J.

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Vernier effect based on hybrid fiber interferometers: a new tool for wavelength switchability and adjustable free spectral range fiber lasing

Al-Rubaiyee¹,

mohsin²,

Al‐Janabi³

2023

Opt. Continuum

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In optical communications systems, the used filter and/or demultiplexer needs to have a broad free spectral range (FSR) in order to accommodate more channels and have acceptable interchannel crosstalk. The Vernier effect applied to fiber filters is a recent effective tool to enlarge the FSR. Here, by harnessing the Vernier effect of a hybrid interferometer consisting of a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and Sagnac interferometer (SI), we proposed and experimentally demonstrated a new kind of comb filter for a switchable and interval adjustable multi-wavelength C-band erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) application. In the designed comb filter, the MZI is composed of bi-tapered polarization-maintaining fibers (PMFs) fabricated by fusion splicing and has the function of achieving the switchability of the proposed dual-wavelength EDFL. The SI configured by nesting tapered PMF is employed as a switchable and wavelength-spacing tuning component of triple-wavelength EDFL. In this experiment, the FSR of the MZI and the SI is designed to be close but not equal, which could be achieved by properly adjusting the length of the employed PMF, so the Vernier effect can exist and a comb spectrum with an obvious envelope is obtained. Through the adjustment of the polarization controller (PC1) and (PC2) inside the cavity, a switchable and interval-adjustable multi-wavelength EDFL was achieved. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first time that an all-fiber hybrid filter based on the Vernier effect has been used to manipulate the spectral output characteristic of an EDFL and achieve a switchable multi-wavelength fiber laser.

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Sensitivity-enhanced temperature sensor by cascaded configuration of polarization mode interferometer and Lyot filter based on Vernier effect

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer

Integrated Fiber Ring Laser Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect with Lyot–Sagnac Interferometer

Integrated Reflective Lyot Filter and FBG Structure for Simultaneous Sensing of Temperature and Axial Strain in Fiber Ring Laser

Vernier effect based on hybrid fiber interferometers: a new tool for wavelength switchability and adjustable free spectral range fiber lasing

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