Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats Treated with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Terminalia catappa and Exogenous Insulin

Abstract

Background: Inflammation is said to be associated with hyperglycaemia and is implicated in the complications of diabetes.
 Aim: This study was designed to investigate the level of some inflammatory markers in blood of diabetic rats administered with aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa and exogenous insulin. 
 Materials and Methods: Thirty five (35) Wistar rats were assigned to 5 groups of 7 animals each. Group 1 served as the control and received 5ml/kg body weight of distilled water and group 2 received orally, 130/kg body weight of aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa. Groups 3 (diabetic only), 4 (diabetic + extract) and 5 (diabetic + insulin) were administered 150 mg/kg body weight of alloxan solution intraperitoneally to induce diabetes and blood glucose levels ≥200 mg/dl after 72 hours were considered diabetic. Then 5 ml/kg bodyweight of distilled water, 130 mg/kg body weight of Terminalia catappa leaf extract was given orally and 0.75U/kg body weight of insulin was administered subcutaneously to respective groups and the experiment lasted for 14 days.
 Results: The results showed significant (P< 0.05) increase in serum levels of C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6 and blood fibrinogen in diabetic group compared to control. These inflammatory biomarkers significantly (P<0.05) reduced in diabetic group treated with extract and insulin. 
 Conclusion: Therefore aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa can reduce some inflammatory cytokines and ameliorate inflammation in diabetes similar to exogenous insulin.

Comparative Effect of Aspirin, Meloxicam and Terminalia catappa Leaf Extract on Serum Levels of Some Inflammatory Markers in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats

“…The result showed that Creactive protein level was high in the diabetic group compared to control. The result of this study is consistent with our previous result [32] and with other research findings which has established elevated C-reactive protein levels in people with impaired glucose tolerance and frank diabetes [33,34]. However, the observed increase was reduced by the aqueous leaf extract of Terminalia catappa, aspirin, meloxicam and insulin in their respective diabetic treated groups.…”

Possible amelioration of oxidative stress damage via cyclo-oxygenase pathway by aqueous extract of Terminalia catappa leaves in alloxan induced diabetic rats

“…Report on progressively decreased SOD in later stage of diabetes [68,69] was explained in relation to glycation of enzymes in hyperglycemia [70,71,72,73]. Thus, it could be suggested that the observed increase in SOD level may be associated with interruption of the ROS enzyme/protein glycation process [74,75] besides the reduction in blood glucose earlier reported [24].…”

“…As research into the natural agent progresses, medicinal plants have shown the ability to synthesize numerous chemical compounds that are essential in healthcare as therapeutic remedies hence serving as alternative source to conventional drugs. Recent studies have shown that the leaf extract of Terminalia catappa possesses anti-inflammatory effects [23,24] in addition to other usefulness earlier reported. Terminalia catappa is a tropical tress of the combretaceae family whose leaves and barks are often used because of its diaphoretic, anti-ingestion, hepatoprotective effect [25,26], nephroprotective effect [27] and anti-tumor effect [28].…”

Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Pegagan (Centella asiatica) dan Ketapang (Terminalia catappa) terhadap Kadar Interleukin-6 pada Diabetes Melitus Tipe-2

“…Beberapa penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh Giribabu et al (2014); Giribabu et al (2020); Kusumastuti et al (2019); Ben et al (2019b); Kamal et al (2014); . Telah membuktikan bahwa zat yang terkandung di dalam pegagan dan ketapang mampu berperan sebagai alternatif dalam penanganan metabolisme glukosa, dimana didalam penelitian masing-masing yang dilakukan menyatakan bahwa terdapat penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada kelompok perlakuan pemberian ekstrak pegagan (Centella asiatica) dan atau kelompok perlakuan pemberian ekstrak ketapang (Terminalia catappa) pada tikus yang diinduksi diabetes tipe-2.…”

“…Pada penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap subyek tikus Wistar yang diinduksi diabetes yaitu dengan mengukur penanda inflamasi pada DM tipe-2 yang diberikan perlakuan menggunakan ekstrak ketapang dengan berbagai variasi dosis (mg/kg BB) 130, 400, dan 800 yaitu dengan mengukur kadar sitokin IL-6 didapatkan penurunan yang signifikan (p<0,05) (Ben et al 2019b;. Ben et al (2019a) menyatakan bahwa tingkat IL-6 berkurang secara signifikan dalam kelompok tikus DM tipe-2 yang diobati dengan ekstrak ketapang dosis 130 mg/kg BB selama 14 hari.…”