Shaking table testing for masonry infill walls: unreinforced versus reinforced solutions

Lourenço, Paulo B.; Leite, João C.; Paulo-Pereira, Manuel F.; Costa, Alfredo Campos; Candeias, Paulo; Mendes, Nuno

doi:10.1002/eqe.2756

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] At present, numerous experimental tests have also been performed on structural assemblages, such as multi-storey 2D infilled frames 13,14 or spatial infilled framed structures. [15][16][17] The numerical simulation of the seismic response of IRCFSs has always represented a challenging computational problem due to the pronounced non-linearity of the response of masonry and to the complex interaction between infill and frame. Advanced non-linear finite elements and discrete interface elements have been formulated to achieve accurate simulations of the hysteretic infill behaviour and interaction between infill and frame.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monotonic tests on single‐storey infilled frames have represented the first laboratory attempts to reproduce the actual seismic behaviour of IRCFSs, eg, Dawe and Seah and Al‐Chaar et al More recently, experimental cyclic tests on single‐storey infilled frames (with or without openings) have provided further useful insights on the gradual strength and stiffness degradation of the cyclic response of IRCFSs . At present, numerous experimental tests have also been performed on structural assemblages, such as multi‐storey 2D infilled frames or spatial infilled framed structures …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames

Pantò

Rossi

2019

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary Numerous research studies have proved that numerical models aiming at an accurate evaluation of the seismic response of RC framed buildings cannot ignore the inelastic behaviour of infills and the interaction between infill and frame elements. To limit the high computational burden of refined non‐linear finite element models, in the latest decades, many researchers have developed simplified infill models by means of single or multiple strut‐elements. These models are low time‐consuming and thus adequate for static and dynamic analyses of multi‐storey structures. However, their simulation of the seismic response is sometimes unsatisfying, particularly in the presence of infill walls with regular or (particularly) irregular distributions of openings. This paper presents a new 2D plane macro‐element, which provides a refined simulation of the non‐linear cyclic response of infilled framed structures at the expense of a limited computational cost. The macro‐element consists of an articulated quadrilateral panel, a single 1D diagonal link, and eight 2D links and is able to model the shear and flexural behaviour of the infill and the non‐linear flexural/sliding interaction between infill and surrounding frame. The proposed macro‐element has been implemented into the open source software OpenSees and used to simulate the response of single‐storey, single‐span RC infilled frame prototypes tested by other authors. The above prototypes are selected as made of different masonry units and characterised by full or open geometric configuration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames

Pantò

Rossi

2019

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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“…He proposed an equation to predict the in‐plane and out‐of‐plane limit loads of infill walls, which showed a good match with experimental results . Lourenço et al tested 3 1:1.5 scaled RC structures with different infill types. These 3 infill wall solutions are a 2‐leaf cavity wall, bed joint reinforcement, and an infill wall enclosed in wire mesh.…”

Section: In‐plane and Out‐of‐plane Behavior Of Infill Wallsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the combined in‐plane and out‐of‐plane behavior of brick infill walls within reinforced concrete frames under seismic loading

Onat

Correia

Lourenço

et al. 2018

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Summary Understanding the out‐of‐plane response of masonry infill walls and preventing their progressive collapse mechanisms is very important for earthquake‐prone countries to prevent loss of life and economic loss. In fact, having a realistic collapse mechanism assessment allows suitable prevention measures to be adopted. With this purpose in mind, two full‐scale one‐bay one‐story substructures of reinforced concrete frames (RCF) with infill walls were tested on a shake table. These 2 specimens were designed to represent the response of a typical RC Frame at the fifth floor of an 8‐story building, namely the out‐of‐plane failure of its infill wall under combined bidirectional seismic load. Both specimens were composed of a single‐leaf clay brick infill wall surrounded by the RC Frame. However, while the first specimen corresponds to an unreinforced masonry configuration, the second specimen includes horizontal bed joint reinforcement as a strengthening/retrofitting technique. The main novelty of this study is the application of a bidirectional and simultaneous dynamic loading to the specimen, such that in‐plane and out‐of‐plane effects are evaluated together. This work presents several interesting experimental results, with particular emphasis on the bearing capacity of the specimens against out‐of‐plane failure. As expected, the in‐plane capacity of the reinforced infill specimen is larger than that of the unreinforced infill specimen. Nevertheless, the out‐of‐plane bearing capacities of the two specimens are very similar, in contrast to their ductility capacity, which is significantly increased in the reinforced masonry specimen. The capacities of the two specimens for both in‐plane and out‐of‐plane directions, as predicted by formulations in the literature, are given. The differences found between these calculations and the results of the tests are discussed, and may possibly be explained by the parameters considered in the different formulations.

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“…During the past 60 years there have been extensive experimental laboratory test studies of infilled frame structures under gravity and lateral load, aiming at the identification of the infill contribution to the frame stiffness and resistance (Smith, 1966;Page et al, 1985;Prakash et al, 1993;Mehrabi et al, 1996;Negro and Verzeletti, 1996;Buonopane and White, 1999;Fardis et al, 1999;Žarnić et al, 2001;Pinto et al, 2002;Cavaleri et al, 2005;Santhi et al, 2005a;Hashemi and Mosalam, 2006;Kakaletsis and Karayannis, 2008;Basha and Kaushik, 2012;Stavridis et al, 2012;Stylianidis, 2012;Cavaleri and Di Trapani, 2014;Chiou and Hwang, 2015;Lourenço et al, 2016;Vintzileou et al, 2017;Palieraki et al, 2018). At the same time, a large number of analytical investigations of the behaviour of masonry infilled RC building structures have been pursued, at different modelling scales and levels of complexity, in order to predict the effect of masonry infills on infilled frame response and failure (Smith and Carter, 1969;Dhanasekar and Page, 1986;Fardis and Calvi, 1995;Crisafulli, 1997;Kappos and Ellul, 2000;Chrysostomou et al, 2002;Fajfar, 2002, 2008a,b;Repapis et al, 2006b;Borzi et al, 2008;Bakas et al, 2009;Asteris and Cotsovos, 2012;Chrysostomou and Asteris, 2012;Ellul and D'A...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismic Assessment of Non-conforming Infilled RC Buildings Using IDA Procedures

Repapis

Zeris

2019

Front. Built Environ.

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The seismic performance of existing non-conforming reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is numerically investigated, taking into account the presence of clay brick masonry infill walls. The effect of infill walls on the seismic response of RC frames is widely recognised and has been a subject of numerous analytical and experimental investigations. In this context, Static Pushover analyses of typical existing RC infilled frames have established these structures' inelastic characteristics, focusing on the significant contribution of infill walls to their dynamic characteristics, overstrength, form irregularity and damage. Furthermore, more comprehensive studies of inelastic static response considered the typical variability among different generations of constructed buildings in Greece since the 60s in the form, the seismic design and detailing practice and the structural materials, with different masonry infill configurations and properties. In the present study, the results from such Static Pushover analyses are extended with Incremental Dynamic Analysis predictions using a large number of recorded base excitation from recent destructive earthquakes in Greece and abroad. Evaluation of the time history predictions and comparisons with the Static Pushover analysis findings corroborate that the presence of regular arrangements of perimeter infill walls increase considerably the stiffness and resistance to lateral loads of the infilled RC structures, while at the same time, reducing their global ductility and deformability. Fully or partially infilled RC frames can perform well, while frames with an open floor usually have the worst performance due to the formation of an unintentional soft storey. The analyses further prove that lower strength masonry provides the building with lower overstrength but higher ductility.

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Shaking table testing for masonry infill walls: unreinforced versus reinforced solutions

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames

A new macromodel for the assessment of the seismic response of infilled RC frames

Assessment of the combined in‐plane and out‐of‐plane behavior of brick infill walls within reinforced concrete frames under seismic loading

Seismic Assessment of Non-conforming Infilled RC Buildings Using IDA Procedures

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